{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:MZLHFVL43D6HUCHSW7WM6OIVKB","short_pith_number":"pith:MZLHFVL4","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1511.08689","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2015-11-27T14:45:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"780eb6fc5173d6ecabbc860943a302322c3dd4711f20cb5b565bfcfe0e00f659","abstract_canon_sha256":"66968d80350bfd4015ad120d0e13a431c799a10de3143284f40f76a3befef4d9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"665672d57cd8fc7a08f2b7eccf3915507fc5102cf3886b74ec7d479aa5c9d85e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1511.08689","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1511.08689","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1511.08689v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1511.08689","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MZLHFVL43D6H","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MZLHFVL43D6HUCHS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MZLHFVL4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:MZLHFVL43D6HUCHSW7WM6OIVKB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1511.08689","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2015-11-27T14:45:14Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"title_canon_sha256":"780eb6fc5173d6ecabbc860943a302322c3dd4711f20cb5b565bfcfe0e00f659","abstract_canon_sha256":"66968d80350bfd4015ad120d0e13a431c799a10de3143284f40f76a3befef4d9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"665672d57cd8fc7a08f2b7eccf3915507fc5102cf3886b74ec7d479aa5c9d85e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:25:48.294639Z","signature_b64":"gXE5sc1u0LSsbYYZEoxWUsuin/ipIEh6F3a+9KPbP/ebVkXhpdZK/fuqJ62/eIMd3deuFLbcnMmfPOdLZd87AA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"665672d57cd8fc7a08f2b7eccf3915507fc5102cf3886b74ec7d479aa5c9d85e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:25:48.294111Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:25:48.294111Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1511.08689","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:25:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YsJC+Q3tZnnTFg6/RHWHUMNahFeMYhhBgCLu3BGupSfFG1gC068WzFb/XpfooYxowiyEyFcdBjfu9uB2ly0/Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T08:09:02.118051Z"},"content_sha256":"e79625717232ea260003e02af640cb96a6bf3230239f6fd36cd0469e4b5d40b5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e79625717232ea260003e02af640cb96a6bf3230239f6fd36cd0469e4b5d40b5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:MZLHFVL43D6HUCHSW7WM6OIVKB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Energy Efficiency in Massive MIMO-Based 5G Networks: Opportunities and Challenges","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"primary_cat":"cs.NI","authors_text":"Ekram Hossain, K. N. R. Surya Vara Prasad, Vijay K. Bhargava","submitted_at":"2015-11-27T14:45:14Z","abstract_excerpt":"As we make progress towards the era of fifth generation (5G) communication networks, energy efficiency (EE) becomes an important design criterion because it guarantees sustainable evolution. In this regard, the massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, where the base stations (BSs) are equipped with a large number of antennas so as to achieve multiple orders of spectral and energy efficiency gains, will be a key technology enabler for 5G. In this article, we present a comprehensive discussion on state-of-the-art techniques which further enhance the EE gains offered by massive M"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1511.08689","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:25:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0mNpWUphtkgIR7A8+rMV/JlChtuBaIXCPVCOdnXMuO2vfwjXxfbzjBT2AGHaU3nPVRv1HNLDbq0e79OAukypDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T08:09:02.118708Z"},"content_sha256":"0357aaaf7adec0337db83d18634189a204dc1cbf64ab788108898bf6f90e6bea","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0357aaaf7adec0337db83d18634189a204dc1cbf64ab788108898bf6f90e6bea"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MZLHFVL43D6HUCHSW7WM6OIVKB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/MZLHFVL43D6HUCHSW7WM6OIVKB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MZLHFVL43D6HUCHSW7WM6OIVKB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T08:09:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/MZLHFVL43D6HUCHSW7WM6OIVKB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/MZLHFVL43D6HUCHSW7WM6OIVKB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/MZLHFVL43D6HUCHSW7WM6OIVKB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/MZLHFVL43D6HUCHSW7WM6OIVKB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:MZLHFVL43D6HUCHSW7WM6OIVKB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"66968d80350bfd4015ad120d0e13a431c799a10de3143284f40f76a3befef4d9","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2015-11-27T14:45:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"780eb6fc5173d6ecabbc860943a302322c3dd4711f20cb5b565bfcfe0e00f659"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1511.08689","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1511.08689","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1511.08689v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1511.08689","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"MZLHFVL43D6H","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"MZLHFVL43D6HUCHS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"MZLHFVL4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0357aaaf7adec0337db83d18634189a204dc1cbf64ab788108898bf6f90e6bea","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:25:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"As we make progress towards the era of fifth generation (5G) communication networks, energy efficiency (EE) becomes an important design criterion because it guarantees sustainable evolution. In this regard, the massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology, where the base stations (BSs) are equipped with a large number of antennas so as to achieve multiple orders of spectral and energy efficiency gains, will be a key technology enabler for 5G. In this article, we present a comprehensive discussion on state-of-the-art techniques which further enhance the EE gains offered by massive M","authors_text":"Ekram Hossain, K. N. R. Surya Vara Prasad, Vijay K. Bhargava","cross_cats":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2015-11-27T14:45:14Z","title":"Energy Efficiency in Massive MIMO-Based 5G Networks: Opportunities and Challenges"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1511.08689","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e79625717232ea260003e02af640cb96a6bf3230239f6fd36cd0469e4b5d40b5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:25:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"66968d80350bfd4015ad120d0e13a431c799a10de3143284f40f76a3befef4d9","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.IT","math.IT"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NI","submitted_at":"2015-11-27T14:45:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"780eb6fc5173d6ecabbc860943a302322c3dd4711f20cb5b565bfcfe0e00f659"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1511.08689","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"665672d57cd8fc7a08f2b7eccf3915507fc5102cf3886b74ec7d479aa5c9d85e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"665672d57cd8fc7a08f2b7eccf3915507fc5102cf3886b74ec7d479aa5c9d85e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:25:48.294111Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:25:48.294111Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"gXE5sc1u0LSsbYYZEoxWUsuin/ipIEh6F3a+9KPbP/ebVkXhpdZK/fuqJ62/eIMd3deuFLbcnMmfPOdLZd87AA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:25:48.294639Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1511.08689","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e79625717232ea260003e02af640cb96a6bf3230239f6fd36cd0469e4b5d40b5","sha256:0357aaaf7adec0337db83d18634189a204dc1cbf64ab788108898bf6f90e6bea"],"state_sha256":"c5a3037ea103c850d372709768dac864aa175ac83d14eccb2e459572616311a3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bCeDCy9K7w61bOvgiX+H4xNd9Osl83NoGkH8er9pde+/uidAu9mQpHWdx3VyThvIHkEtJwcQPuDYqKu0JzAYAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T08:09:02.122044Z","bundle_sha256":"95408e8b18f0963bb8bd2e9392257208a64b1342638339de6e05fd2f3b2d973c"}}