{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:N3D24KV7KKXTANNN7MKEJHFAAO","short_pith_number":"pith:N3D24KV7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2412.03991","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T09:11:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"a3dc87dbb3a1cc4221439b20ae5b165e2dfacf86445a653a07c012f9f83fdff1","abstract_canon_sha256":"d6150d2b7d4e01f1de81e4657e8d0077221e3b66c84787b9b8361d14ccbcd788"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6ec7ae2abf52af3035adfb14449ca003ac7d0e6cc322da74255ba8b8df8241fb","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2412.03991","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2412.03991","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2412.03991v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.03991","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"N3D24KV7KKXT","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"N3D24KV7KKXTANNN","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"N3D24KV7","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:44:57Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:N3D24KV7KKXTANNN7MKEJHFAAO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2412.03991","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T09:11:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"a3dc87dbb3a1cc4221439b20ae5b165e2dfacf86445a653a07c012f9f83fdff1","abstract_canon_sha256":"d6150d2b7d4e01f1de81e4657e8d0077221e3b66c84787b9b8361d14ccbcd788"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6ec7ae2abf52af3035adfb14449ca003ac7d0e6cc322da74255ba8b8df8241fb","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:44:57.642169Z","signature_b64":"bmyTxEXyoSJ07rCqP7Rg0/nNRNVsUCg3EqEdFA75QDUXFhzT9LtEDgI7ig3BvDGOTaFg91iYKsMfxkJYoasyDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6ec7ae2abf52af3035adfb14449ca003ac7d0e6cc322da74255ba8b8df8241fb","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:44:57.641763Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:44:57.641763Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2412.03991","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:44:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"z4S+Am41md03lcv1DGy75Usc+6cC+vmPAcSX9aRzVaooJyIRbo/lZSml1zSWWaamB7caHLQ0UcDYVCRFAOj8Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T01:30:13.764216Z"},"content_sha256":"a75625228ded89c47a82dd8e9261afabe2a448857bf98c33b104a337349086d5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a75625228ded89c47a82dd8e9261afabe2a448857bf98c33b104a337349086d5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:N3D24KV7KKXTANNN7MKEJHFAAO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Quality Control in Open-Ended Crowdsourcing: A Survey","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.DC"],"primary_cat":"cs.HC","authors_text":"Hailong Sun, Jing Zhang, Lei Chai","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T09:11:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"Crowdsourcing provides a flexible approach for leveraging human intelligence to solve large-scale problems, gaining widespread acceptance in domains like intelligent information processing, social decision-making, and crowd ideation. However, the uncertainty of participants significantly compromises the answer quality, sparking substantial research interest. Existing surveys predominantly concentrate on quality control in Boolean tasks, which are generally formulated as simple label classification, ranking, or numerical prediction. Ubiquitous open-ended tasks like question-answering, translati"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2412.03991","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2412.03991/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:44:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Ngp0hqskUae2+miocPpULcgWHHeQ8e+uLEjMBW08ImTnqNo1XeS99bx8Zcu9f7v4Tmu+cAmxy/BbEhJM0XDfBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T01:30:13.764639Z"},"content_sha256":"7ecc8e494896e79d4bc897a9dbb10ddf91429dfb60e8b5170dc74e56d6da50c4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7ecc8e494896e79d4bc897a9dbb10ddf91429dfb60e8b5170dc74e56d6da50c4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/N3D24KV7KKXTANNN7MKEJHFAAO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/N3D24KV7KKXTANNN7MKEJHFAAO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/N3D24KV7KKXTANNN7MKEJHFAAO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-14T01:30:13Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/N3D24KV7KKXTANNN7MKEJHFAAO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/N3D24KV7KKXTANNN7MKEJHFAAO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/N3D24KV7KKXTANNN7MKEJHFAAO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/N3D24KV7KKXTANNN7MKEJHFAAO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:N3D24KV7KKXTANNN7MKEJHFAAO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d6150d2b7d4e01f1de81e4657e8d0077221e3b66c84787b9b8361d14ccbcd788","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T09:11:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"a3dc87dbb3a1cc4221439b20ae5b165e2dfacf86445a653a07c012f9f83fdff1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2412.03991","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2412.03991","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2412.03991v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.03991","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"N3D24KV7KKXT","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"N3D24KV7KKXTANNN","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:44:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"N3D24KV7","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:44:57Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7ecc8e494896e79d4bc897a9dbb10ddf91429dfb60e8b5170dc74e56d6da50c4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:44:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2412.03991/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Crowdsourcing provides a flexible approach for leveraging human intelligence to solve large-scale problems, gaining widespread acceptance in domains like intelligent information processing, social decision-making, and crowd ideation. However, the uncertainty of participants significantly compromises the answer quality, sparking substantial research interest. Existing surveys predominantly concentrate on quality control in Boolean tasks, which are generally formulated as simple label classification, ranking, or numerical prediction. Ubiquitous open-ended tasks like question-answering, translati","authors_text":"Hailong Sun, Jing Zhang, Lei Chai","cross_cats":["cs.DC"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T09:11:07Z","title":"Quality Control in Open-Ended Crowdsourcing: A Survey"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2412.03991","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a75625228ded89c47a82dd8e9261afabe2a448857bf98c33b104a337349086d5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:44:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d6150d2b7d4e01f1de81e4657e8d0077221e3b66c84787b9b8361d14ccbcd788","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2024-12-05T09:11:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"a3dc87dbb3a1cc4221439b20ae5b165e2dfacf86445a653a07c012f9f83fdff1"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2412.03991","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"6ec7ae2abf52af3035adfb14449ca003ac7d0e6cc322da74255ba8b8df8241fb","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6ec7ae2abf52af3035adfb14449ca003ac7d0e6cc322da74255ba8b8df8241fb","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:44:57.641763Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:44:57.641763Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"bmyTxEXyoSJ07rCqP7Rg0/nNRNVsUCg3EqEdFA75QDUXFhzT9LtEDgI7ig3BvDGOTaFg91iYKsMfxkJYoasyDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:44:57.642169Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2412.03991","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a75625228ded89c47a82dd8e9261afabe2a448857bf98c33b104a337349086d5","sha256:7ecc8e494896e79d4bc897a9dbb10ddf91429dfb60e8b5170dc74e56d6da50c4"],"state_sha256":"5a22a9a27e20b9158d74fedff709515fa191023a60f9efafe8852f9066434704"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MbnqNkK2gfo95oV0W8Y1gk70VX4ot40Gug5JdTuUV9yfPjUgXTpjz7GhFkS+YbO7ppi1m4YXdO1IBDlJXYJuBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-14T01:30:13.767304Z","bundle_sha256":"032779697ae9e43919e6ddcc8a03d93c8f8a6385c21cd6636f608304ae074ffb"}}