{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:N3N3REZO2AR3RFSES7Y5XJARC5","short_pith_number":"pith:N3N3REZO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1408.5987","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2014-08-26T02:51:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ec09d57c47ce61ef5735c8fdc985676861046ab3f378103baaedb4a2c8adcbb6","abstract_canon_sha256":"91efd2dd6b525840560bc8f1dd0ab712219baa1bad23d4a70bf7d352b75d3055"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6edbb8932ed023b8964497f1dba4111760a9ad575823c539e3a1c34f6a97eb42","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1408.5987","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1408.5987","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1408.5987v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1408.5987","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"N3N3REZO2AR3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"N3N3REZO2AR3RFSE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"N3N3REZO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:41Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:N3N3REZO2AR3RFSES7Y5XJARC5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1408.5987","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2014-08-26T02:51:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ec09d57c47ce61ef5735c8fdc985676861046ab3f378103baaedb4a2c8adcbb6","abstract_canon_sha256":"91efd2dd6b525840560bc8f1dd0ab712219baa1bad23d4a70bf7d352b75d3055"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6edbb8932ed023b8964497f1dba4111760a9ad575823c539e3a1c34f6a97eb42","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:13.398886Z","signature_b64":"EI30Q2zzjRSVhWhxP95eHsGwHU7zl6RJvZ6Qu1FQB0VA2MmfYRS+oPHDvQsoBOEJ4v+5LzS8Tg53sjeEUoEoCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6edbb8932ed023b8964497f1dba4111760a9ad575823c539e3a1c34f6a97eb42","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:13.398256Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:13.398256Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1408.5987","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3csQq9SWyuwNypd0gfxORwXrbDjrMjRPorzkr86kqR+JWFF3dpLFYehybn129e7G8XkaQarYBSlA9AEX0SFyAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T09:01:31.222990Z"},"content_sha256":"76daa45df692bc0257cbae7646402f39e154a31373640fd84b7f148d006316f9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:76daa45df692bc0257cbae7646402f39e154a31373640fd84b7f148d006316f9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:N3N3REZO2AR3RFSES7Y5XJARC5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Solving Hard Control Problems in Voting Systems via Integer Programming","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.GT","authors_text":"Frank Neumann, Rudolf Berghammer, Sergey Polyakovskiy","submitted_at":"2014-08-26T02:51:50Z","abstract_excerpt":"Voting problems are central in the area of social choice. In this article, we investigate various voting systems and types of control of elections. We present integer linear programming (ILP) formulations for a wide range of NP-hard control problems. Our ILP formulations are flexible in the sense that they can work with an arbitrary number of candidates and voters. Using the off-the-shelf solver Cplex, we show that our approaches can manipulate elections with a large number of voters and candidates efficiently."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1408.5987","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Y7RJ0j6fCP63/vpui1E1zY7ELWqXRehEBi32QF6Oe0lARuYWt2u39XtTaQVuPcDCxn4O+EInGlS6C8MKJztqCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T09:01:31.223401Z"},"content_sha256":"66d037ff87a013836a0c012f2eb4589c8e76a6e13cd2b5b900ae7725230321d2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:66d037ff87a013836a0c012f2eb4589c8e76a6e13cd2b5b900ae7725230321d2"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/N3N3REZO2AR3RFSES7Y5XJARC5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/N3N3REZO2AR3RFSES7Y5XJARC5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/N3N3REZO2AR3RFSES7Y5XJARC5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T09:01:31Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/N3N3REZO2AR3RFSES7Y5XJARC5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/N3N3REZO2AR3RFSES7Y5XJARC5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/N3N3REZO2AR3RFSES7Y5XJARC5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/N3N3REZO2AR3RFSES7Y5XJARC5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:N3N3REZO2AR3RFSES7Y5XJARC5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"91efd2dd6b525840560bc8f1dd0ab712219baa1bad23d4a70bf7d352b75d3055","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2014-08-26T02:51:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"ec09d57c47ce61ef5735c8fdc985676861046ab3f378103baaedb4a2c8adcbb6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1408.5987","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1408.5987","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1408.5987v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1408.5987","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"N3N3REZO2AR3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"N3N3REZO2AR3RFSE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"N3N3REZO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:41Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:66d037ff87a013836a0c012f2eb4589c8e76a6e13cd2b5b900ae7725230321d2","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Voting problems are central in the area of social choice. In this article, we investigate various voting systems and types of control of elections. We present integer linear programming (ILP) formulations for a wide range of NP-hard control problems. Our ILP formulations are flexible in the sense that they can work with an arbitrary number of candidates and voters. Using the off-the-shelf solver Cplex, we show that our approaches can manipulate elections with a large number of voters and candidates efficiently.","authors_text":"Frank Neumann, Rudolf Berghammer, Sergey Polyakovskiy","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2014-08-26T02:51:50Z","title":"Solving Hard Control Problems in Voting Systems via Integer Programming"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1408.5987","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:76daa45df692bc0257cbae7646402f39e154a31373640fd84b7f148d006316f9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"91efd2dd6b525840560bc8f1dd0ab712219baa1bad23d4a70bf7d352b75d3055","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2014-08-26T02:51:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"ec09d57c47ce61ef5735c8fdc985676861046ab3f378103baaedb4a2c8adcbb6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1408.5987","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"6edbb8932ed023b8964497f1dba4111760a9ad575823c539e3a1c34f6a97eb42","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6edbb8932ed023b8964497f1dba4111760a9ad575823c539e3a1c34f6a97eb42","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:13.398256Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:13.398256Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"EI30Q2zzjRSVhWhxP95eHsGwHU7zl6RJvZ6Qu1FQB0VA2MmfYRS+oPHDvQsoBOEJ4v+5LzS8Tg53sjeEUoEoCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:34:13.398886Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1408.5987","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:76daa45df692bc0257cbae7646402f39e154a31373640fd84b7f148d006316f9","sha256:66d037ff87a013836a0c012f2eb4589c8e76a6e13cd2b5b900ae7725230321d2"],"state_sha256":"edbf4107b98ce42d7fb333b8caef95be408d48dfc220ce356abfafc4fbfdb795"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9cQTMP+pnfd8779Aetqdvb5rR1hS/wyqyKtj6QXVHFQJ4vyzdOUw+s0+Zg/MxGVrqX26niXTuII3GGV68V+BAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T09:01:31.227098Z","bundle_sha256":"f8524bc80c16d1e0e5bed694a420a9f642cf29383fd4c74f68dfec0fc1911c7a"}}