{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:N3PXFL5QWYXRZKISK52MHPXYBU","short_pith_number":"pith:N3PXFL5Q","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1907.03869","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2019-06-20T21:19:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2d36acb439609b7a0d17cd37371823339137b4874fbe1bcfe75750d3840bc69f","abstract_canon_sha256":"915bbfc3743e2de3601cf618abe4cff6428ea774d95aa124f1ac82d717e07f85"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6edf72afb0b62f1ca9125774c3bef80d0a131917cf1d7a85c218a58279610797","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1907.03869","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1907.03869","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1907.03869v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1907.03869","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"N3PXFL5QWYXR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"N3PXFL5QWYXRZKIS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"N3PXFL5Q","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:N3PXFL5QWYXRZKISK52MHPXYBU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1907.03869","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2019-06-20T21:19:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2d36acb439609b7a0d17cd37371823339137b4874fbe1bcfe75750d3840bc69f","abstract_canon_sha256":"915bbfc3743e2de3601cf618abe4cff6428ea774d95aa124f1ac82d717e07f85"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6edf72afb0b62f1ca9125774c3bef80d0a131917cf1d7a85c218a58279610797","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:06.526153Z","signature_b64":"l14tl6eHuPyg/JIaCz+xDbOkZ0w/LpxbrsNss8NQ2PB6ALtrwlL2rjRlhkxRzFMJnxskEXpKBUo4k+m+bc7IAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6edf72afb0b62f1ca9125774c3bef80d0a131917cf1d7a85c218a58279610797","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:06.525452Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:06.525452Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1907.03869","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fhd3kxGZYvplT2vB5x/MkaFh7uiGqdqScq+JLvoVm4TVWuV6WE8EyzSHj4gvWynQd/3dD/Jh3tHmbiaO69LmBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T14:47:58.939498Z"},"content_sha256":"de71386f269b094af69912dba1368eddeffaea965587d2d1515862046667b672","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:de71386f269b094af69912dba1368eddeffaea965587d2d1515862046667b672"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:N3PXFL5QWYXRZKISK52MHPXYBU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Unexplainability and Incomprehensibility of Artificial Intelligence","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CY","authors_text":"Roman V. Yampolskiy","submitted_at":"2019-06-20T21:19:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"Explainability and comprehensibility of AI are important requirements for intelligent systems deployed in real-world domains. Users want and frequently need to understand how decisions impacting them are made. Similarly it is important to understand how an intelligent system functions for safety and security reasons. In this paper, we describe two complementary impossibility results (Unexplainability and Incomprehensibility), essentially showing that advanced AIs would not be able to accurately explain some of their decisions and for the decisions they could explain people would not understand"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1907.03869","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:06Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"l3Pn1drC06OxQFk35OJPgWcnvt8Oyhd0MmesKqEKAHLnmoWzWqIl0sm/FnXZuqIWQPtqPk/k3Vmpb9jDCUH9AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T14:47:58.939847Z"},"content_sha256":"e3c49726caf451024ebc80b2316a6d21f3ea723d83382a575a466801ea02a5c4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e3c49726caf451024ebc80b2316a6d21f3ea723d83382a575a466801ea02a5c4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/N3PXFL5QWYXRZKISK52MHPXYBU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/N3PXFL5QWYXRZKISK52MHPXYBU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/N3PXFL5QWYXRZKISK52MHPXYBU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T14:47:58Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/N3PXFL5QWYXRZKISK52MHPXYBU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/N3PXFL5QWYXRZKISK52MHPXYBU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/N3PXFL5QWYXRZKISK52MHPXYBU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/N3PXFL5QWYXRZKISK52MHPXYBU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:N3PXFL5QWYXRZKISK52MHPXYBU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"915bbfc3743e2de3601cf618abe4cff6428ea774d95aa124f1ac82d717e07f85","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2019-06-20T21:19:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"2d36acb439609b7a0d17cd37371823339137b4874fbe1bcfe75750d3840bc69f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1907.03869","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1907.03869","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1907.03869v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1907.03869","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:06Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"N3PXFL5QWYXR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"N3PXFL5QWYXRZKIS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"N3PXFL5Q","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e3c49726caf451024ebc80b2316a6d21f3ea723d83382a575a466801ea02a5c4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Explainability and comprehensibility of AI are important requirements for intelligent systems deployed in real-world domains. Users want and frequently need to understand how decisions impacting them are made. Similarly it is important to understand how an intelligent system functions for safety and security reasons. In this paper, we describe two complementary impossibility results (Unexplainability and Incomprehensibility), essentially showing that advanced AIs would not be able to accurately explain some of their decisions and for the decisions they could explain people would not understand","authors_text":"Roman V. Yampolskiy","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2019-06-20T21:19:31Z","title":"Unexplainability and Incomprehensibility of Artificial Intelligence"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1907.03869","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:de71386f269b094af69912dba1368eddeffaea965587d2d1515862046667b672","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:06Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"915bbfc3743e2de3601cf618abe4cff6428ea774d95aa124f1ac82d717e07f85","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2019-06-20T21:19:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"2d36acb439609b7a0d17cd37371823339137b4874fbe1bcfe75750d3840bc69f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1907.03869","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"6edf72afb0b62f1ca9125774c3bef80d0a131917cf1d7a85c218a58279610797","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6edf72afb0b62f1ca9125774c3bef80d0a131917cf1d7a85c218a58279610797","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:06.525452Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:06.525452Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"l14tl6eHuPyg/JIaCz+xDbOkZ0w/LpxbrsNss8NQ2PB6ALtrwlL2rjRlhkxRzFMJnxskEXpKBUo4k+m+bc7IAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:06.526153Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1907.03869","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:de71386f269b094af69912dba1368eddeffaea965587d2d1515862046667b672","sha256:e3c49726caf451024ebc80b2316a6d21f3ea723d83382a575a466801ea02a5c4"],"state_sha256":"44eb13486d3a4909b38d1cb7f8d6fbe4e9199e57c640332402cd2cbd339abd9d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"o3hp9CvZSUX8w0fSVBN3C020e70dTK8JRDa7xBDMmqXOpc+fCVRxmZoxgGBjvy0zgYhXxO5TjSLR8A+2YHNgCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T14:47:58.942452Z","bundle_sha256":"0a2555ee2d06a3c7ae8d90d2888a4056dcb32dd2512ae029496474bf6651fd11"}}