{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2024:N3QNK4TYI7FSHYULHGAOQONUH2","short_pith_number":"pith:N3QNK4TY","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"6ee0d5727847cb23e28b3980e839b43ea4451699310ccbf92ff9a119b572df17","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2401.16353","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Empirical and Theoretical Analysis of Liquid Staking Protocols","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Benjamin Kraner, Burkhard Stiller, Claudio Tessone, Krzysztof Gogol, Malte Schlosser, Tao Yan","submitted_at":"2024-01-29T17:56:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"Liquid staking has become the largest category of decentralized finance protocols in terms of total value locked. However, few studies exist on its implementation designs or underlying risks. The liquid staking protocols allow for earning staking rewards without the disadvantage of locking the capital at the validators. Yet, they are seen by some as a threat to the Proof-of-Stake blockchain security.\n  This paper is the first work that classifies liquid staking implementations. It analyzes the historical performance of major liquid staking tokens in comparison to the traditional staking for th"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2401.16353","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2024-01-29T17:56:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"d999af0ffaa157e3d77c343dd9957af3df76b800c0ba16da10873aa61b4469b8","abstract_canon_sha256":"28dd2d376ed986c6349574aa8f5b89068dd22ba4425cfe74f2afd390eb3c5f32"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:38:47.858819Z","signature_b64":"IHCTm/iNa0NiC23rCmJlvLhHJvxf4GLiBAZ8J/3f2K9d6ZLW6x6fpr4naD2uYXRadw22GtB/ZxytHdldhw0/BA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6ee0d5727847cb23e28b3980e839b43ea4451699310ccbf92ff9a119b572df17","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:38:47.858356Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:38:47.858356Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Empirical and Theoretical Analysis of Liquid Staking Protocols","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Benjamin Kraner, Burkhard Stiller, Claudio Tessone, Krzysztof Gogol, Malte Schlosser, Tao Yan","submitted_at":"2024-01-29T17:56:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"Liquid staking has become the largest category of decentralized finance protocols in terms of total value locked. However, few studies exist on its implementation designs or underlying risks. The liquid staking protocols allow for earning staking rewards without the disadvantage of locking the capital at the validators. Yet, they are seen by some as a threat to the Proof-of-Stake blockchain security.\n  This paper is the first work that classifies liquid staking implementations. It analyzes the historical performance of major liquid staking tokens in comparison to the traditional staking for th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2401.16353","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2401.16353/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2401.16353","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:38:47.858410+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2401.16353v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:38:47.858410+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2401.16353","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:38:47.858410+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"N3QNK4TYI7FS","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:38:47.858410+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"N3QNK4TYI7FSHYUL","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:38:47.858410+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"N3QNK4TY","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:38:47.858410+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":3,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.23298","citing_title":"DeFi Yield Aggregators: Analysing Investment Strategies and Structural Dependencies","ref_index":19,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.03274","citing_title":"Financial Dynamics and Interconnected Risk of Liquid Restaking","ref_index":17,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.12508","citing_title":"Interoperability Effects: Extending DeFi Lending Risk Models to Multi-Chain Environments","ref_index":32,"is_internal_anchor":false}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/N3QNK4TYI7FSHYULHGAOQONUH2","json":"https://pith.science/pith/N3QNK4TYI7FSHYULHGAOQONUH2.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/N3QNK4TYI7FSHYULHGAOQONUH2/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/N3QNK4TYI7FSHYULHGAOQONUH2/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/N3QNK4TY"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/N3QNK4TYI7FSHYULHGAOQONUH2","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/N3QNK4TYI7FSHYULHGAOQONUH2.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/N3QNK4TY","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2401.16353&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/N3QNK4TYI7FSHYULHGAOQONUH2/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/N3QNK4TYI7FSHYULHGAOQONUH2/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/N3QNK4TYI7FSHYULHGAOQONUH2/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/N3QNK4TYI7FSHYULHGAOQONUH2/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/N3QNK4TYI7FSHYULHGAOQONUH2/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/N3QNK4TYI7FSHYULHGAOQONUH2/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/N3QNK4TYI7FSHYULHGAOQONUH2/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:38:47.858410+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T07:38:47.858410+00:00"}