{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:N4DZ6IE4OMJVFYX2BYUC73CFYV","short_pith_number":"pith:N4DZ6IE4","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2608.05946","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2026-08-06T12:13:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"title_canon_sha256":"052d58ec404badb2b29f3de5a381dc88cada116a971cc8b99394d855c3761d27","abstract_canon_sha256":"ffae4e5373256a7509a7e93bb5aca7d46363fe98cea41865b2c0cb1ca9abac9b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6f079f209c731352e2fa0e282fec45c541e7ad9875d4ffcd7f38c725e7af38ae","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2608.05946","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2608.05946","created_at":"2026-08-07T00:53:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2608.05946v1","created_at":"2026-08-07T00:53:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2608.05946","created_at":"2026-08-07T00:53:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"N4DZ6IE4OMJV","created_at":"2026-08-07T00:53:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"N4DZ6IE4OMJVFYX2","created_at":"2026-08-07T00:53:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"N4DZ6IE4","created_at":"2026-08-07T00:53:54Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:N4DZ6IE4OMJVFYX2BYUC73CFYV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2608.05946","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2026-08-06T12:13:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"title_canon_sha256":"052d58ec404badb2b29f3de5a381dc88cada116a971cc8b99394d855c3761d27","abstract_canon_sha256":"ffae4e5373256a7509a7e93bb5aca7d46363fe98cea41865b2c0cb1ca9abac9b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6f079f209c731352e2fa0e282fec45c541e7ad9875d4ffcd7f38c725e7af38ae","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-08-07T00:53:54.446051Z","signature_b64":"QlLP8diEsQdhP1LeHwVGkNJnlldJ90pzWyD6k8rZqhH1e83X6guiUKAhvh1ZAUXuDVS6JIqFcELhAbf/LfG6Bw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6f079f209c731352e2fa0e282fec45c541e7ad9875d4ffcd7f38c725e7af38ae","last_reissued_at":"2026-08-07T00:53:54.444546Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-08-07T00:53:54.444546Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2608.05946","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-08-07T00:53:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+uzuJtEzpwVyQ5f86nlzGeUAXOXwoWRZWVc/pBMdjl1ZlhPRduxj5X6HcskvypKf4xIHiRtWQmkmq8sOx+BuAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T16:15:42.817560Z"},"content_sha256":"321871e7ee236a9f3123ecc969f7830c2f7ebb6c9cba5db43204ff7a315e8ffe","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:321871e7ee236a9f3123ecc969f7830c2f7ebb6c9cba5db43204ff7a315e8ffe"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:N4DZ6IE4OMJVFYX2BYUC73CFYV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Why do massive stars form bow shocks? Bulk ISM motion as the main driver of bow shock formation and geometry","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","authors_text":"J. van den Eijnden, L. Kaper","submitted_at":"2026-08-06T12:13:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"Bow shocks are one the most commonly observed impact sites of massive star feedback. Their existence is often taken as evidence of the supersonic motion or even runaway nature of the massive star. Bow shock geometry is also used to infer the properties of the stellar wind. However, some bow shocks have been reported around sub-sonic massive stars or are orientated differently than the stellar direction of movement, suggesting a substantial influence of the interstellar medium (ISM). In this work, we quantitatively investigate the dominant cause of bow shock formation around massive stars. Star"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2608.05946","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2608.05946/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-08-07T00:53:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Wqpn7vwoPS1XVo6o5tnuMopUeByeeTkpw/FCvqMKmQsvwKRx9r7+PqpyrLO5aKKoqK9Skx94k47oM2bK/6zWCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T16:15:42.818070Z"},"content_sha256":"18caf44e9a8369dd134b3349c17f364f7991d1593167b3f7d8d5af774431123a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:18caf44e9a8369dd134b3349c17f364f7991d1593167b3f7d8d5af774431123a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/N4DZ6IE4OMJVFYX2BYUC73CFYV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/N4DZ6IE4OMJVFYX2BYUC73CFYV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/N4DZ6IE4OMJVFYX2BYUC73CFYV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T16:15:42Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/N4DZ6IE4OMJVFYX2BYUC73CFYV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/N4DZ6IE4OMJVFYX2BYUC73CFYV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/N4DZ6IE4OMJVFYX2BYUC73CFYV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/N4DZ6IE4OMJVFYX2BYUC73CFYV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:N4DZ6IE4OMJVFYX2BYUC73CFYV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ffae4e5373256a7509a7e93bb5aca7d46363fe98cea41865b2c0cb1ca9abac9b","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2026-08-06T12:13:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"052d58ec404badb2b29f3de5a381dc88cada116a971cc8b99394d855c3761d27"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2608.05946","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2608.05946","created_at":"2026-08-07T00:53:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2608.05946v1","created_at":"2026-08-07T00:53:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2608.05946","created_at":"2026-08-07T00:53:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"N4DZ6IE4OMJV","created_at":"2026-08-07T00:53:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"N4DZ6IE4OMJVFYX2","created_at":"2026-08-07T00:53:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"N4DZ6IE4","created_at":"2026-08-07T00:53:54Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:18caf44e9a8369dd134b3349c17f364f7991d1593167b3f7d8d5af774431123a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-08-07T00:53:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2608.05946/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Bow shocks are one the most commonly observed impact sites of massive star feedback. Their existence is often taken as evidence of the supersonic motion or even runaway nature of the massive star. Bow shock geometry is also used to infer the properties of the stellar wind. However, some bow shocks have been reported around sub-sonic massive stars or are orientated differently than the stellar direction of movement, suggesting a substantial influence of the interstellar medium (ISM). In this work, we quantitatively investigate the dominant cause of bow shock formation around massive stars. Star","authors_text":"J. van den Eijnden, L. Kaper","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2026-08-06T12:13:20Z","title":"Why do massive stars form bow shocks? Bulk ISM motion as the main driver of bow shock formation and geometry"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2608.05946","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:321871e7ee236a9f3123ecc969f7830c2f7ebb6c9cba5db43204ff7a315e8ffe","target":"record","created_at":"2026-08-07T00:53:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ffae4e5373256a7509a7e93bb5aca7d46363fe98cea41865b2c0cb1ca9abac9b","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.SR","submitted_at":"2026-08-06T12:13:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"052d58ec404badb2b29f3de5a381dc88cada116a971cc8b99394d855c3761d27"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2608.05946","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"6f079f209c731352e2fa0e282fec45c541e7ad9875d4ffcd7f38c725e7af38ae","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6f079f209c731352e2fa0e282fec45c541e7ad9875d4ffcd7f38c725e7af38ae","first_computed_at":"2026-08-07T00:53:54.444546Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-08-07T00:53:54.444546Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"QlLP8diEsQdhP1LeHwVGkNJnlldJ90pzWyD6k8rZqhH1e83X6guiUKAhvh1ZAUXuDVS6JIqFcELhAbf/LfG6Bw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-08-07T00:53:54.446051Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2608.05946","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:321871e7ee236a9f3123ecc969f7830c2f7ebb6c9cba5db43204ff7a315e8ffe","sha256:18caf44e9a8369dd134b3349c17f364f7991d1593167b3f7d8d5af774431123a"],"state_sha256":"6b40fd9bbcf354f858366161fa4354cd7ee66919bc8b7e27eb60cccbcffe57a3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OlgSA4NYLGSDNdxilc/ngvFgIhGEDCyIiiSB+L5DlG5he908QYd4PwTh08Zeyi4JiMxcLqFfoDPFsQbOnit6Dg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T16:15:42.821525Z","bundle_sha256":"b2339e6ab31a77ed20e78c7992386f7274bc27d87d094d377a09e7432da317b0"}}