{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:N5ZDEYULFNZG6CMUW7FZNKEXBC","short_pith_number":"pith:N5ZDEYUL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1604.02315","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2016-04-08T11:53:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a07181eaba20601bbe0645d15b2160d4e9c47e3d5b9379a30d2729bb3b02f134","abstract_canon_sha256":"e3d7ec5fc78c4d036abdd266d1436b61e56a4de7154fcd2c51a0495261131114"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6f7232628b2b726f0994b7cb96a89708818ac5c4878baac8628799bf932ee91e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1604.02315","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1604.02315","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1604.02315v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1604.02315","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"N5ZDEYULFNZG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"N5ZDEYULFNZG6CMU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"N5ZDEYUL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:N5ZDEYULFNZG6CMUW7FZNKEXBC","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1604.02315","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2016-04-08T11:53:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a07181eaba20601bbe0645d15b2160d4e9c47e3d5b9379a30d2729bb3b02f134","abstract_canon_sha256":"e3d7ec5fc78c4d036abdd266d1436b61e56a4de7154fcd2c51a0495261131114"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6f7232628b2b726f0994b7cb96a89708818ac5c4878baac8628799bf932ee91e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:35.406955Z","signature_b64":"nJlvgVTG3eFCoZ2tJkTasKqqRX2iXGk3KzosVi+ciAspUUH/G0jgGjtoQ2VZXpEl/bDowTmPzTln3j3aWhC8DA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6f7232628b2b726f0994b7cb96a89708818ac5c4878baac8628799bf932ee91e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:35.406245Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:35.406245Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1604.02315","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vaTUWR/f3HISDiiUBJCo6FsnOArDZfaFuwP1IqxvhznA6R30pKaqwc8hrwLCzCo59UYXuto8tl262rlive1vBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T03:25:13.149182Z"},"content_sha256":"046a8186a03c4f82caa2bf7fa98c5f6eb11339ebe90072ddc6dd7b4dc7f6610d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:046a8186a03c4f82caa2bf7fa98c5f6eb11339ebe90072ddc6dd7b4dc7f6610d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:N5ZDEYULFNZG6CMUW7FZNKEXBC","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Direct growth of low-doped graphene on Ge/Si(001) surfaces","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"C. Tegenkamp, D. Vignaud, F. Herziger, G. Lippert, G. Lupina, I. Colambo, J. Avila, J. Baringhaus, J. Dabrowski, J. Maultzsch, M.-C. Asensio, M. Sowinska, T. Schaffus, T. Schroeder, Yu. S. Dedkov","submitted_at":"2016-04-08T11:53:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"The practical difficulties to use graphene in microelectronics and optoelectronics is that the available methods to grow graphene are not easily integrated in the mainstream technologies. A growth method that could overcome at least some of these problems is chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of graphene directly on semiconducting (Si or Ge) substrates. Here we report on the comparison of the CVD and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of graphene on the technologically relevant Ge(001)/Si(001) substrate from ethene (C$_2$H$_4$) precursor and describe the physical properties of the films as well"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1604.02315","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cI38H8yG4TPmNFcwO6vDSPlpnBGoVxuOIg47emwbE+z49A6H8QOOUjjOPXmmEq3DPra6uLoJ3s4m1Avu0SRQBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T03:25:13.149778Z"},"content_sha256":"5065d441384b4194528cde3cc7eee0910c2d10374cecb21731bc8d53392c4847","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5065d441384b4194528cde3cc7eee0910c2d10374cecb21731bc8d53392c4847"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/N5ZDEYULFNZG6CMUW7FZNKEXBC/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/N5ZDEYULFNZG6CMUW7FZNKEXBC/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/N5ZDEYULFNZG6CMUW7FZNKEXBC/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-01T03:25:13Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/N5ZDEYULFNZG6CMUW7FZNKEXBC","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/N5ZDEYULFNZG6CMUW7FZNKEXBC/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/N5ZDEYULFNZG6CMUW7FZNKEXBC/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/N5ZDEYULFNZG6CMUW7FZNKEXBC/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:N5ZDEYULFNZG6CMUW7FZNKEXBC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e3d7ec5fc78c4d036abdd266d1436b61e56a4de7154fcd2c51a0495261131114","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2016-04-08T11:53:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"a07181eaba20601bbe0645d15b2160d4e9c47e3d5b9379a30d2729bb3b02f134"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1604.02315","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1604.02315","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1604.02315v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1604.02315","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"N5ZDEYULFNZG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"N5ZDEYULFNZG6CMU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"N5ZDEYUL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5065d441384b4194528cde3cc7eee0910c2d10374cecb21731bc8d53392c4847","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The practical difficulties to use graphene in microelectronics and optoelectronics is that the available methods to grow graphene are not easily integrated in the mainstream technologies. A growth method that could overcome at least some of these problems is chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of graphene directly on semiconducting (Si or Ge) substrates. Here we report on the comparison of the CVD and molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth of graphene on the technologically relevant Ge(001)/Si(001) substrate from ethene (C$_2$H$_4$) precursor and describe the physical properties of the films as well","authors_text":"C. Tegenkamp, D. Vignaud, F. Herziger, G. Lippert, G. Lupina, I. Colambo, J. Avila, J. Baringhaus, J. Dabrowski, J. Maultzsch, M.-C. Asensio, M. Sowinska, T. Schaffus, T. Schroeder, Yu. S. Dedkov","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2016-04-08T11:53:03Z","title":"Direct growth of low-doped graphene on Ge/Si(001) surfaces"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1604.02315","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:046a8186a03c4f82caa2bf7fa98c5f6eb11339ebe90072ddc6dd7b4dc7f6610d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e3d7ec5fc78c4d036abdd266d1436b61e56a4de7154fcd2c51a0495261131114","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2016-04-08T11:53:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"a07181eaba20601bbe0645d15b2160d4e9c47e3d5b9379a30d2729bb3b02f134"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1604.02315","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"6f7232628b2b726f0994b7cb96a89708818ac5c4878baac8628799bf932ee91e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6f7232628b2b726f0994b7cb96a89708818ac5c4878baac8628799bf932ee91e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:35.406245Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:35.406245Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"nJlvgVTG3eFCoZ2tJkTasKqqRX2iXGk3KzosVi+ciAspUUH/G0jgGjtoQ2VZXpEl/bDowTmPzTln3j3aWhC8DA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:08:35.406955Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1604.02315","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:046a8186a03c4f82caa2bf7fa98c5f6eb11339ebe90072ddc6dd7b4dc7f6610d","sha256:5065d441384b4194528cde3cc7eee0910c2d10374cecb21731bc8d53392c4847"],"state_sha256":"95dc79c47550a3578660717ba0c73971bcc2defaff6d4c46a05a6e291a223785"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FDZTRSFU2MKwohI/emW8lYts05F2ELJRGEf/dwuMAMdHS499qlK+TRuqSbIVXWhRzTDLx5q6zCeh+vSKKuOMCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T03:25:13.153084Z","bundle_sha256":"28ebf16faa3835a0de6a6e4a2bab9aba3d72d2c0a4cc16455e6dcc0ca2f5fe5a"}}