{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:N7442VK5SYKFGJOTKMNOMTCKZS","short_pith_number":"pith:N7442VK5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1406.0609","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2014-06-03T07:44:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"999d47b27cb64ca9da90234dbceb4342232bff794d984f373d84aa43c1304ac9","abstract_canon_sha256":"2b058cae6312296df1ad2168934076cc27ce98cc91c51e9e570367ddb305c169"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6ff9cd555d96145325d3531ae64c4acc8dd9acddf6686a33f9f14407355aebb6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1406.0609","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1406.0609","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1406.0609v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1406.0609","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"N7442VK5SYKF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"N7442VK5SYKFGJOT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"N7442VK5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:41Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:N7442VK5SYKFGJOTKMNOMTCKZS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1406.0609","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2014-06-03T07:44:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"999d47b27cb64ca9da90234dbceb4342232bff794d984f373d84aa43c1304ac9","abstract_canon_sha256":"2b058cae6312296df1ad2168934076cc27ce98cc91c51e9e570367ddb305c169"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6ff9cd555d96145325d3531ae64c4acc8dd9acddf6686a33f9f14407355aebb6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:08.214034Z","signature_b64":"bAjmPuT+QCXPGA+mTUU3Az62IqhoyxRZzYfv5SjnxSEJsK35OVsaEptIAzaPZMecpj1Z8lgss49GuDuIhOuxAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6ff9cd555d96145325d3531ae64c4acc8dd9acddf6686a33f9f14407355aebb6","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:08.213586Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:08.213586Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1406.0609","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FwqpBnV3oIRTAOveRXuIYwUAQDBU03nV0aBsqrfUqOb6w9+2BLYK+3iJkWwheSH/qeg0QTokFx6PAYaQ5AoxAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T16:40:57.095413Z"},"content_sha256":"0b2c57dbc12f6703b55d6c767c0ae781afed0538bf7ed5cb714c4bdc02f86b1e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0b2c57dbc12f6703b55d6c767c0ae781afed0538bf7ed5cb714c4bdc02f86b1e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:N7442VK5SYKFGJOTKMNOMTCKZS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Optimization for Speculative Execution of Multiple Jobs in a MapReduce-like Cluster","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.DC","authors_text":"Huanle Xu, Wing Cheong Lau","submitted_at":"2014-06-03T07:44:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"Nowadays, a computing cluster in a typical data center can easily consist of hundreds of thousands of commodity servers, making component/ machine failures the norm rather than exception. A parallel processing job can be delayed substantially as long as one of its many tasks is being assigned to a failing machine. To tackle this so-called straggler problem, most parallel processing frameworks such as MapReduce have adopted various strategies under which the system may speculatively launch additional copies of the same task if its progress is abnormally slow or simply because extra idling resou"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1406.0609","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"c2ypyfrWUIhVMUZL5jUB3JaBQPR/zEbI/kv8AMn1A0Og/CGu0IJeaQcE9wrdS1WKc4bmoxzmW+Q3dPl9/y15AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T16:40:57.095958Z"},"content_sha256":"9d16c998e1fb441316e00609d344cdddb7f77daa68f08ae74a3465173bb05c50","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9d16c998e1fb441316e00609d344cdddb7f77daa68f08ae74a3465173bb05c50"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/N7442VK5SYKFGJOTKMNOMTCKZS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/N7442VK5SYKFGJOTKMNOMTCKZS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/N7442VK5SYKFGJOTKMNOMTCKZS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T16:40:57Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/N7442VK5SYKFGJOTKMNOMTCKZS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/N7442VK5SYKFGJOTKMNOMTCKZS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/N7442VK5SYKFGJOTKMNOMTCKZS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/N7442VK5SYKFGJOTKMNOMTCKZS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:N7442VK5SYKFGJOTKMNOMTCKZS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2b058cae6312296df1ad2168934076cc27ce98cc91c51e9e570367ddb305c169","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2014-06-03T07:44:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"999d47b27cb64ca9da90234dbceb4342232bff794d984f373d84aa43c1304ac9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1406.0609","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1406.0609","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1406.0609v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1406.0609","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"N7442VK5SYKF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"N7442VK5SYKFGJOT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"N7442VK5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:41Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9d16c998e1fb441316e00609d344cdddb7f77daa68f08ae74a3465173bb05c50","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Nowadays, a computing cluster in a typical data center can easily consist of hundreds of thousands of commodity servers, making component/ machine failures the norm rather than exception. A parallel processing job can be delayed substantially as long as one of its many tasks is being assigned to a failing machine. To tackle this so-called straggler problem, most parallel processing frameworks such as MapReduce have adopted various strategies under which the system may speculatively launch additional copies of the same task if its progress is abnormally slow or simply because extra idling resou","authors_text":"Huanle Xu, Wing Cheong Lau","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2014-06-03T07:44:33Z","title":"Optimization for Speculative Execution of Multiple Jobs in a MapReduce-like Cluster"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1406.0609","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0b2c57dbc12f6703b55d6c767c0ae781afed0538bf7ed5cb714c4bdc02f86b1e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2b058cae6312296df1ad2168934076cc27ce98cc91c51e9e570367ddb305c169","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2014-06-03T07:44:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"999d47b27cb64ca9da90234dbceb4342232bff794d984f373d84aa43c1304ac9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1406.0609","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"6ff9cd555d96145325d3531ae64c4acc8dd9acddf6686a33f9f14407355aebb6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6ff9cd555d96145325d3531ae64c4acc8dd9acddf6686a33f9f14407355aebb6","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:08.213586Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:08.213586Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"bAjmPuT+QCXPGA+mTUU3Az62IqhoyxRZzYfv5SjnxSEJsK35OVsaEptIAzaPZMecpj1Z8lgss49GuDuIhOuxAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:30:08.214034Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1406.0609","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0b2c57dbc12f6703b55d6c767c0ae781afed0538bf7ed5cb714c4bdc02f86b1e","sha256:9d16c998e1fb441316e00609d344cdddb7f77daa68f08ae74a3465173bb05c50"],"state_sha256":"e07a05de4730ed66724a13acb9875a200fcbb1fe66bb66f95ff7ca2ca3dc3d53"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"51C9h6MQZdlOqH9m/TgjjeIrixorqeP4Rsngu/jhQfKAS/4CRYVs4c6f151aYd6o2YSJXw9juB8LIJrLK3c1Cg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T16:40:57.098591Z","bundle_sha256":"27836c2bf3a238335724986c20023dd29231be1e5f4578d13726cad86674a393"}}