{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2009:N7LDWUPEVCTIGCTILMNPY5745E","short_pith_number":"pith:N7LDWUPE","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"6fd63b51e4a8a6830a685b1afc77fce91e80b70dc9ca435a5e398708851ff6d1","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"0910.2447","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Activity Dependent Branching Ratios in Stocks, Solar X-ray Flux, and the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld Sandpile Model","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.dis-nn","physics.soc-ph","q-fin.ST"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","authors_text":"Amer Shreim, Elliot Martin, Maya Paczuski","submitted_at":"2009-10-13T18:18:08Z","abstract_excerpt":"We define an activity dependent branching ratio that allows comparison of different time series $X_{t}$. The branching ratio $b_x$ is defined as $b_x= E[\\xi_x/x]$. The random variable $\\xi_x$ is the value of the next signal given that the previous one is equal to $x$, so $\\xi_x=\\{X_{t+1}|X_t=x\\}$. If $b_x>1$, the process is on average supercritical when the signal is equal to $x$, while if $b_x<1$, it is subcritical. For stock prices we find $b_x=1$ within statistical uncertainty, for all $x$, consistent with an ``efficient market hypothesis''. For stock volumes, solar X-ray flux intensities, "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0910.2447","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2009-10-13T18:18:08Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.dis-nn","physics.soc-ph","q-fin.ST"],"title_canon_sha256":"9b834622f5bb09099a232a52b4d7341b826c66724e502962c7410ab34246f7b5","abstract_canon_sha256":"66174c510e1ed89b54a01154498291c36399abd4473108d60e600e2f9d70379f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:11:24.055969Z","signature_b64":"4Iw+qyYvaYUi6VZh5Nq9haRt3s5luXAB5qvY53D2hL3zCVJ/FcnNXVFzivLMj00QQavjOeCmkAJDCrQDPVNoDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6fd63b51e4a8a6830a685b1afc77fce91e80b70dc9ca435a5e398708851ff6d1","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:11:24.055180Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:11:24.055180Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Activity Dependent Branching Ratios in Stocks, Solar X-ray Flux, and the Bak-Tang-Wiesenfeld Sandpile Model","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.dis-nn","physics.soc-ph","q-fin.ST"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","authors_text":"Amer Shreim, Elliot Martin, Maya Paczuski","submitted_at":"2009-10-13T18:18:08Z","abstract_excerpt":"We define an activity dependent branching ratio that allows comparison of different time series $X_{t}$. The branching ratio $b_x$ is defined as $b_x= E[\\xi_x/x]$. The random variable $\\xi_x$ is the value of the next signal given that the previous one is equal to $x$, so $\\xi_x=\\{X_{t+1}|X_t=x\\}$. If $b_x>1$, the process is on average supercritical when the signal is equal to $x$, while if $b_x<1$, it is subcritical. For stock prices we find $b_x=1$ within statistical uncertainty, for all $x$, consistent with an ``efficient market hypothesis''. For stock volumes, solar X-ray flux intensities, "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0910.2447","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0910.2447","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:11:24.055302+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0910.2447v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:11:24.055302+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0910.2447","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:11:24.055302+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"N7LDWUPEVCTI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:00.592388+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"N7LDWUPEVCTIGCTI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:00.592388+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"N7LDWUPE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:00.592388+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/N7LDWUPEVCTIGCTILMNPY5745E","json":"https://pith.science/pith/N7LDWUPEVCTIGCTILMNPY5745E.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/N7LDWUPEVCTIGCTILMNPY5745E/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/N7LDWUPEVCTIGCTILMNPY5745E/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/N7LDWUPE"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/N7LDWUPEVCTIGCTILMNPY5745E","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/N7LDWUPEVCTIGCTILMNPY5745E.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/N7LDWUPE","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=0910.2447&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/N7LDWUPEVCTIGCTILMNPY5745E/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/N7LDWUPEVCTIGCTILMNPY5745E/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/N7LDWUPEVCTIGCTILMNPY5745E/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/N7LDWUPEVCTIGCTILMNPY5745E/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/N7LDWUPEVCTIGCTILMNPY5745E/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/N7LDWUPEVCTIGCTILMNPY5745E/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/N7LDWUPEVCTIGCTILMNPY5745E/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:11:24.055302+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T02:11:24.055302+00:00"}