{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:NBIRPHVR4O7QIPDN6VTSXRLHPR","short_pith_number":"pith:NBIRPHVR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1905.10545","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2019-05-25T07:30:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"f90a32b44eb59cc493c1d8b92e9a97ab662f71648bbea8a2bfec3c71c046f45c","abstract_canon_sha256":"785f70fc145cdb4fd4d7f32da04bfb09069c552f071c20f631491edf71da2061"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6851179eb1e3bf043c6df5672bc5677c45bea89c2cc72416cda1f251fc683d41","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1905.10545","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1905.10545","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1905.10545v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1905.10545","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NBIRPHVR4O7Q","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NBIRPHVR4O7QIPDN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NBIRPHVR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:NBIRPHVR4O7QIPDN6VTSXRLHPR","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1905.10545","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2019-05-25T07:30:23Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"f90a32b44eb59cc493c1d8b92e9a97ab662f71648bbea8a2bfec3c71c046f45c","abstract_canon_sha256":"785f70fc145cdb4fd4d7f32da04bfb09069c552f071c20f631491edf71da2061"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6851179eb1e3bf043c6df5672bc5677c45bea89c2cc72416cda1f251fc683d41","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:08.154211Z","signature_b64":"14nmpiYKu3F4yDvNnqTYY8GfDESiW5hech2sTCeCWzODIIB2xq5NiE7QPLMDLhisQrrzOQPMkGRkso0/MgUoBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6851179eb1e3bf043c6df5672bc5677c45bea89c2cc72416cda1f251fc683d41","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:08.153273Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:08.153273Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1905.10545","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7bMbuhyVM+VwWSqdKabDO1Cd1EG4SIeNAmKVT5uT1T42kCO/lbQL7bk6qy3Ge5P5fU/+P2m4qcTRoOxGTAnPDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T20:09:51.855020Z"},"content_sha256":"6c53dcb902e8f512c8d50b9a9bd6f1926d4ee5f757963435edf625a96ab71725","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6c53dcb902e8f512c8d50b9a9bd6f1926d4ee5f757963435edf625a96ab71725"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:NBIRPHVR4O7QIPDN6VTSXRLHPR","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Multiple Pulses Phase-matching Quantum Key Distribution","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Gang Chen, Jozef Gruska, Le Wang, Qianping Mao, Shengmei Zhao, Wei Li, Zhigang Shen","submitted_at":"2019-05-25T07:30:23Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose a multiple pulses phase-matching quantum key distribution protocol (MPPM-QKD) to exceed the linear key rate bound and to achieve higher error tolerance. In our protocol, Alice and Bob generate at first their own train pulses (each train should contain L pulses) as well as random bit sequences, and also encode each pulse of their trains with a randomized phase and a modulation phase. As the next step, both encoded trains are simultaneously sent to Charlie, who performs an interference detection and may be also an eavesdropper. After a successful detection is announced by Charlie, Ali"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1905.10545","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JkKZVkYVaXhPy/2nVQk6ybwFy4j5qk0ul1Zo3DMIHoQ/2OIeAve7uLJl7nmrqjCsrnML0kcdPhwonTsaSJ2kCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T20:09:51.855410Z"},"content_sha256":"c848fe5a1b9b944e4191b5174c803c588c6a9243097c3b2dab9b448f537d1ecb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c848fe5a1b9b944e4191b5174c803c588c6a9243097c3b2dab9b448f537d1ecb"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NBIRPHVR4O7QIPDN6VTSXRLHPR/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NBIRPHVR4O7QIPDN6VTSXRLHPR/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NBIRPHVR4O7QIPDN6VTSXRLHPR/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-04T20:09:51Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NBIRPHVR4O7QIPDN6VTSXRLHPR","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NBIRPHVR4O7QIPDN6VTSXRLHPR/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NBIRPHVR4O7QIPDN6VTSXRLHPR/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NBIRPHVR4O7QIPDN6VTSXRLHPR/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:NBIRPHVR4O7QIPDN6VTSXRLHPR","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"785f70fc145cdb4fd4d7f32da04bfb09069c552f071c20f631491edf71da2061","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2019-05-25T07:30:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"f90a32b44eb59cc493c1d8b92e9a97ab662f71648bbea8a2bfec3c71c046f45c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1905.10545","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1905.10545","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1905.10545v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1905.10545","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NBIRPHVR4O7Q","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NBIRPHVR4O7QIPDN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NBIRPHVR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:24Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c848fe5a1b9b944e4191b5174c803c588c6a9243097c3b2dab9b448f537d1ecb","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We propose a multiple pulses phase-matching quantum key distribution protocol (MPPM-QKD) to exceed the linear key rate bound and to achieve higher error tolerance. In our protocol, Alice and Bob generate at first their own train pulses (each train should contain L pulses) as well as random bit sequences, and also encode each pulse of their trains with a randomized phase and a modulation phase. As the next step, both encoded trains are simultaneously sent to Charlie, who performs an interference detection and may be also an eavesdropper. After a successful detection is announced by Charlie, Ali","authors_text":"Gang Chen, Jozef Gruska, Le Wang, Qianping Mao, Shengmei Zhao, Wei Li, Zhigang Shen","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2019-05-25T07:30:23Z","title":"Multiple Pulses Phase-matching Quantum Key Distribution"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1905.10545","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6c53dcb902e8f512c8d50b9a9bd6f1926d4ee5f757963435edf625a96ab71725","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"785f70fc145cdb4fd4d7f32da04bfb09069c552f071c20f631491edf71da2061","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2019-05-25T07:30:23Z","title_canon_sha256":"f90a32b44eb59cc493c1d8b92e9a97ab662f71648bbea8a2bfec3c71c046f45c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1905.10545","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"6851179eb1e3bf043c6df5672bc5677c45bea89c2cc72416cda1f251fc683d41","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6851179eb1e3bf043c6df5672bc5677c45bea89c2cc72416cda1f251fc683d41","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:08.153273Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:08.153273Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"14nmpiYKu3F4yDvNnqTYY8GfDESiW5hech2sTCeCWzODIIB2xq5NiE7QPLMDLhisQrrzOQPMkGRkso0/MgUoBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:45:08.154211Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1905.10545","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6c53dcb902e8f512c8d50b9a9bd6f1926d4ee5f757963435edf625a96ab71725","sha256:c848fe5a1b9b944e4191b5174c803c588c6a9243097c3b2dab9b448f537d1ecb"],"state_sha256":"323553513ccb79b6fde1b6fd7ba42ea73fdfde58117e76e9fc97c33a5f2027d1"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"F101EY1EzFUmSLz0OQFSSQbIs4wpuOi4HnQK+cvrWFArnMmu3eMt0B1DYoGsCUOUD0j33OTvYqzZHpK9fFNlDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T20:09:51.858372Z","bundle_sha256":"285aec8ee23f9c06f33a379086d9557921ee6c336ea4650f1a2c520df62f80eb"}}