{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:NCZBVNQAWBBSODJS5C7JVTHCSU","short_pith_number":"pith:NCZBVNQA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2411.14877","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-22T11:59:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.hist-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"fccacef72f2fd9257351641132bb88bfa62f839c6e9da9ad4712185c0239f7e7","abstract_canon_sha256":"1daa8ab406f21dcc7a8c177ad11c064208f566b7aefbdcf1ea45cbf780458e2e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"68b21ab600b043270d32e8be9acce29538fbb3f81a19c6d3ce66bb6cb257f4d2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2411.14877","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2411.14877","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2411.14877v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.14877","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NCZBVNQAWBBS","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NCZBVNQAWBBSODJS","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NCZBVNQA","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:13Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:NCZBVNQAWBBSODJS5C7JVTHCSU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2411.14877","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-22T11:59:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.hist-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"fccacef72f2fd9257351641132bb88bfa62f839c6e9da9ad4712185c0239f7e7","abstract_canon_sha256":"1daa8ab406f21dcc7a8c177ad11c064208f566b7aefbdcf1ea45cbf780458e2e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"68b21ab600b043270d32e8be9acce29538fbb3f81a19c6d3ce66bb6cb257f4d2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:13.051385Z","signature_b64":"2ufAaH21AKvrQPQp4vVz46Qxg4OnTSMTGeN70hkli1VUt+Sk0kAdEWHDaVlQ64HaI+Orb0DRzzr58h0yQk3lAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"68b21ab600b043270d32e8be9acce29538fbb3f81a19c6d3ce66bb6cb257f4d2","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:13.050958Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:13.050958Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2411.14877","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WMhKGZ1ZQ7lqumq0p+/l0mDoHRE85wpRNHxZMi5g3bonNxjivxYJVQHXuDFHE9V+xy1Wg53fCpFGsVb9Vf2vBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T02:22:04.966148Z"},"content_sha256":"6471771ee5e5a0be4b2f0972de688add8922d4aa98a7f53825adc025e9d7e6c5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6471771ee5e5a0be4b2f0972de688add8922d4aa98a7f53825adc025e9d7e6c5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:NCZBVNQAWBBSODJS5C7JVTHCSU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Astro-HEP-BERT: A bidirectional language model for studying the meanings of concepts in astrophysics and high energy physics","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.hist-ph"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Arno Simons","submitted_at":"2024-11-22T11:59:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"I present Astro-HEP-BERT, a transformer-based language model specifically designed for generating contextualized word embeddings (CWEs) to study the meanings of concepts in astrophysics and high-energy physics. Built on a general pretrained BERT model, Astro-HEP-BERT underwent further training over three epochs using the Astro-HEP Corpus, a dataset I curated from 21.84 million paragraphs extracted from more than 600,000 scholarly articles on arXiv, all belonging to at least one of these two scientific domains. The project demonstrates both the effectiveness and feasibility of adapting a bidire"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2411.14877","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2411.14877/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:13Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"oLFmgmQgN1Pz4sLXu4upPpipTSq7oHZWZzGGB9/Ghzp5/i7Bgv/59YCyNIq07AlqBHvD2PPBevpf4/UdcZEVBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T02:22:04.967067Z"},"content_sha256":"2f5dbba48caa1e8290e43d2882b108ea567e35d16cf8bd718abcae92931294f7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2f5dbba48caa1e8290e43d2882b108ea567e35d16cf8bd718abcae92931294f7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NCZBVNQAWBBSODJS5C7JVTHCSU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NCZBVNQAWBBSODJS5C7JVTHCSU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NCZBVNQAWBBSODJS5C7JVTHCSU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-13T02:22:04Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NCZBVNQAWBBSODJS5C7JVTHCSU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NCZBVNQAWBBSODJS5C7JVTHCSU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NCZBVNQAWBBSODJS5C7JVTHCSU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NCZBVNQAWBBSODJS5C7JVTHCSU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:NCZBVNQAWBBSODJS5C7JVTHCSU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1daa8ab406f21dcc7a8c177ad11c064208f566b7aefbdcf1ea45cbf780458e2e","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.hist-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-22T11:59:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"fccacef72f2fd9257351641132bb88bfa62f839c6e9da9ad4712185c0239f7e7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2411.14877","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2411.14877","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2411.14877v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2411.14877","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NCZBVNQAWBBS","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NCZBVNQAWBBSODJS","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:13Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NCZBVNQA","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:13Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2f5dbba48caa1e8290e43d2882b108ea567e35d16cf8bd718abcae92931294f7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2411.14877/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"I present Astro-HEP-BERT, a transformer-based language model specifically designed for generating contextualized word embeddings (CWEs) to study the meanings of concepts in astrophysics and high-energy physics. Built on a general pretrained BERT model, Astro-HEP-BERT underwent further training over three epochs using the Astro-HEP Corpus, a dataset I curated from 21.84 million paragraphs extracted from more than 600,000 scholarly articles on arXiv, all belonging to at least one of these two scientific domains. The project demonstrates both the effectiveness and feasibility of adapting a bidire","authors_text":"Arno Simons","cross_cats":["physics.hist-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-22T11:59:15Z","title":"Astro-HEP-BERT: A bidirectional language model for studying the meanings of concepts in astrophysics and high energy physics"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2411.14877","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6471771ee5e5a0be4b2f0972de688add8922d4aa98a7f53825adc025e9d7e6c5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:13Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1daa8ab406f21dcc7a8c177ad11c064208f566b7aefbdcf1ea45cbf780458e2e","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.hist-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2024-11-22T11:59:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"fccacef72f2fd9257351641132bb88bfa62f839c6e9da9ad4712185c0239f7e7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2411.14877","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"68b21ab600b043270d32e8be9acce29538fbb3f81a19c6d3ce66bb6cb257f4d2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"68b21ab600b043270d32e8be9acce29538fbb3f81a19c6d3ce66bb6cb257f4d2","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:13.050958Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:13.050958Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"2ufAaH21AKvrQPQp4vVz46Qxg4OnTSMTGeN70hkli1VUt+Sk0kAdEWHDaVlQ64HaI+Orb0DRzzr58h0yQk3lAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:39:13.051385Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2411.14877","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6471771ee5e5a0be4b2f0972de688add8922d4aa98a7f53825adc025e9d7e6c5","sha256:2f5dbba48caa1e8290e43d2882b108ea567e35d16cf8bd718abcae92931294f7"],"state_sha256":"99d0c53acd7126013b6cd157f65549d1c68cdf5164df4f832b057f1c5b2b9e7c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"e7dUHCWiWA8X7b/fRQa73eXCZTZt+ztSm+/ja0e2KOJCq9Jg4v5sPaeWc4NAo8cI2fazu+YolyEfttCs1jFlCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T02:22:04.973929Z","bundle_sha256":"fa8813318719dd0fcbd5eeb12dcedde2449a38b3e633811cc136da905cd26ed1"}}