{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:NDSCHFQ7QRG2LRKYYVTLQ4VBHU","short_pith_number":"pith:NDSCHFQ7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1111.4843","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-11-21T12:07:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e6c4ecb71fa80502d95f4f8be2938dd5ff4b6e16609f3d276c804ada5960f420","abstract_canon_sha256":"354617144975e2e7a5cbdd1f12d31dd5e64ec30eb304485446ea4b3fdc541d67"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"68e423961f844da5c558c566b872a13d0526a23ea17f9bde554e1a9ef58f332d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1111.4843","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1111.4843","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1111.4843v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1111.4843","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NDSCHFQ7QRG2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NDSCHFQ7QRG2LRKY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NDSCHFQ7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:NDSCHFQ7QRG2LRKYYVTLQ4VBHU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1111.4843","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-11-21T12:07:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e6c4ecb71fa80502d95f4f8be2938dd5ff4b6e16609f3d276c804ada5960f420","abstract_canon_sha256":"354617144975e2e7a5cbdd1f12d31dd5e64ec30eb304485446ea4b3fdc541d67"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"68e423961f844da5c558c566b872a13d0526a23ea17f9bde554e1a9ef58f332d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:27.577878Z","signature_b64":"1wn6mE1s7cZ1Bw4WfDass1VXJpv315PxKlRwH6sGi1eFR/vi1J09C8PbzHElNPKksoVs+xwidCOMnmiy8fghBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"68e423961f844da5c558c566b872a13d0526a23ea17f9bde554e1a9ef58f332d","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:27.577219Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:27.577219Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1111.4843","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:27Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3yaRDFBeAYqNlvdcFj8g3jDYmb5pPdI8ri7Vu4gZ+vuK7BrjIq1mlRhrQsjdySqI2+udxnuS/TDAvC1SW41VAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T22:44:35.891209Z"},"content_sha256":"720b62287c2592e8413ddfb2ff07e76031dd5ef63cbee60e577c84269adbad5c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:720b62287c2592e8413ddfb2ff07e76031dd5ef63cbee60e577c84269adbad5c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:NDSCHFQ7QRG2LRKYYVTLQ4VBHU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Iron and alpha-element Production in the First One Billion Years after the Big Bang","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"(2) Caltech, (3) Carnegie Observatories), George D. Becker (1), Michael Rauch (3), Robert F. Carswell (1) ((1) KICC/IoA Cambridge, Wallace L. W. Sargent (2)","submitted_at":"2011-11-21T12:07:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present measurements of carbon, oxygen, silicon, and iron in quasar absorption systems existing when the universe was roughly one billion years old. We measure column densities in nine low-ionization systems at 4.7 < z < 6.3 using Keck, Magellan, and VLT optical and near-infrared spectra with moderate to high resolution. The column density ratios among C II, O I, Si II, and Fe II are nearly identical to sub-DLAs and metal-poor ([M/H] < -1) DLAs at lower redshifts, with no significant evolution over 2 < z < 6. The estimated intrinsic scatter in the ratio of any two elements is also small, wi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1111.4843","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:27Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"A6ux9In4oBa/RbdN/qVKly7y9EsOHQ8wOaUtFcpfPg9/l80DmUua3UApkuHfjZ7TzdS0utcxObhayGFYofViCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T22:44:35.891956Z"},"content_sha256":"cb6c86b16e4c3ceed178655c5f787f66f3ee82cfc32289bcac361a2a79d632f1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cb6c86b16e4c3ceed178655c5f787f66f3ee82cfc32289bcac361a2a79d632f1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NDSCHFQ7QRG2LRKYYVTLQ4VBHU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NDSCHFQ7QRG2LRKYYVTLQ4VBHU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NDSCHFQ7QRG2LRKYYVTLQ4VBHU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-07T22:44:35Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NDSCHFQ7QRG2LRKYYVTLQ4VBHU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NDSCHFQ7QRG2LRKYYVTLQ4VBHU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NDSCHFQ7QRG2LRKYYVTLQ4VBHU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NDSCHFQ7QRG2LRKYYVTLQ4VBHU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:NDSCHFQ7QRG2LRKYYVTLQ4VBHU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"354617144975e2e7a5cbdd1f12d31dd5e64ec30eb304485446ea4b3fdc541d67","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-11-21T12:07:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"e6c4ecb71fa80502d95f4f8be2938dd5ff4b6e16609f3d276c804ada5960f420"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1111.4843","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1111.4843","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1111.4843v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1111.4843","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:27Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NDSCHFQ7QRG2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NDSCHFQ7QRG2LRKY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NDSCHFQ7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:cb6c86b16e4c3ceed178655c5f787f66f3ee82cfc32289bcac361a2a79d632f1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:27Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present measurements of carbon, oxygen, silicon, and iron in quasar absorption systems existing when the universe was roughly one billion years old. We measure column densities in nine low-ionization systems at 4.7 < z < 6.3 using Keck, Magellan, and VLT optical and near-infrared spectra with moderate to high resolution. The column density ratios among C II, O I, Si II, and Fe II are nearly identical to sub-DLAs and metal-poor ([M/H] < -1) DLAs at lower redshifts, with no significant evolution over 2 < z < 6. The estimated intrinsic scatter in the ratio of any two elements is also small, wi","authors_text":"(2) Caltech, (3) Carnegie Observatories), George D. Becker (1), Michael Rauch (3), Robert F. Carswell (1) ((1) KICC/IoA Cambridge, Wallace L. W. Sargent (2)","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-11-21T12:07:55Z","title":"Iron and alpha-element Production in the First One Billion Years after the Big Bang"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1111.4843","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:720b62287c2592e8413ddfb2ff07e76031dd5ef63cbee60e577c84269adbad5c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:27Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"354617144975e2e7a5cbdd1f12d31dd5e64ec30eb304485446ea4b3fdc541d67","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2011-11-21T12:07:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"e6c4ecb71fa80502d95f4f8be2938dd5ff4b6e16609f3d276c804ada5960f420"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1111.4843","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"68e423961f844da5c558c566b872a13d0526a23ea17f9bde554e1a9ef58f332d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"68e423961f844da5c558c566b872a13d0526a23ea17f9bde554e1a9ef58f332d","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:27.577219Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:27.577219Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"1wn6mE1s7cZ1Bw4WfDass1VXJpv315PxKlRwH6sGi1eFR/vi1J09C8PbzHElNPKksoVs+xwidCOMnmiy8fghBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:59:27.577878Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1111.4843","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:720b62287c2592e8413ddfb2ff07e76031dd5ef63cbee60e577c84269adbad5c","sha256:cb6c86b16e4c3ceed178655c5f787f66f3ee82cfc32289bcac361a2a79d632f1"],"state_sha256":"11b2d97b01db829c5d5f95218a495c3bfeb95fb338611a94b171e73973bbe64c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mHY5m1IIoTtQy+6Hdn9OefXRPYDgDJ9IChkPArUGSMCvJDstqxmyD7AZwlXROHyb2mcrkKbgPZvGP73SbxRzCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T22:44:35.896305Z","bundle_sha256":"d355b6cd0d7e5fb7d2fc5702e538996c65f458361852d369e1f968408e498efb"}}