{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:NDXAGIHCQLXL43HFJRFYNHUOF4","short_pith_number":"pith:NDXAGIHC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1812.09146","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DL","submitted_at":"2018-12-21T14:30:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0a9a679998e442fbde6772382191b1c4db8ada06916436879e4e7935a06a0c2a","abstract_canon_sha256":"8d9bb3b32e2bbcb560284ca5de7dc5266dd2e0f67e9f6408a246c478a4b6f221"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"68ee0320e282eebe6ce54c4b869e8e2f384696e9236e612f9cc49c254cf48fe1","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1812.09146","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1812.09146","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1812.09146v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1812.09146","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NDXAGIHCQLXL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NDXAGIHCQLXL43HF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NDXAGIHC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:40Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:NDXAGIHCQLXL43HFJRFYNHUOF4","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1812.09146","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DL","submitted_at":"2018-12-21T14:30:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0a9a679998e442fbde6772382191b1c4db8ada06916436879e4e7935a06a0c2a","abstract_canon_sha256":"8d9bb3b32e2bbcb560284ca5de7dc5266dd2e0f67e9f6408a246c478a4b6f221"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"68ee0320e282eebe6ce54c4b869e8e2f384696e9236e612f9cc49c254cf48fe1","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:45.226893Z","signature_b64":"xs8/wrgvqyHrSu+WizAabE95AxdD7WFcS1muFnoj8d7NgtoKBC551TQdu0fx0cDXKOxAV6VqsP6KzRCY1usfBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"68ee0320e282eebe6ce54c4b869e8e2f384696e9236e612f9cc49c254cf48fe1","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:45.226246Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:45.226246Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1812.09146","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"25wAnBoe5H7mSe3c2ByAHVxmBFUuHN2Xnpub8MfpyFP7UOLcItGS4zGEnanY0T9ESXticfHPIZwHrI8UCaAoCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T04:48:53.150277Z"},"content_sha256":"f49f34ef616cdacd0f17cb7544b9ba3641e4a174d9c2f0c3a4ff8130fd4171df","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f49f34ef616cdacd0f17cb7544b9ba3641e4a174d9c2f0c3a4ff8130fd4171df"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:NDXAGIHCQLXL43HFJRFYNHUOF4","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Technology Transfer of the Italian Public Research System: the Case of the National Research Council of Italy","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.DL","authors_text":"Giovanni Abramo","submitted_at":"2018-12-21T14:30:50Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper deals with the technology transfer activities of the main public research institution in Italy, the Italian Research Council, CNR. A comparative analysis on patenting and licensing performances between CNR and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT has been carried out. Findings show that: research expenses being equal, CNR patents are 26% of MIT's; and, patents being equal, CNR licenses are also 26% of MIT's. This means that CNR impact on domestic competitiveness, in terms of patent licenses, is less than 7% of MIT's. Moreover, while 83% of CNR patents are never licensed to"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1812.09146","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ukp/fZbPyTJ7kIzpsEtyJSNUQOGOToupVFbgPGr3WUvjOC7/6dTgbxM7r8ws99RjbwsqXhBc+oRZcpK/ss5+Ag==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T04:48:53.151016Z"},"content_sha256":"6b34d3258ba0f649fa657a9c5a5fca929ab3d6aa13e20db3d364d52e07134a82","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6b34d3258ba0f649fa657a9c5a5fca929ab3d6aa13e20db3d364d52e07134a82"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NDXAGIHCQLXL43HFJRFYNHUOF4/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NDXAGIHCQLXL43HFJRFYNHUOF4/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NDXAGIHCQLXL43HFJRFYNHUOF4/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-10T04:48:53Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NDXAGIHCQLXL43HFJRFYNHUOF4","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NDXAGIHCQLXL43HFJRFYNHUOF4/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NDXAGIHCQLXL43HFJRFYNHUOF4/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NDXAGIHCQLXL43HFJRFYNHUOF4/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:NDXAGIHCQLXL43HFJRFYNHUOF4","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8d9bb3b32e2bbcb560284ca5de7dc5266dd2e0f67e9f6408a246c478a4b6f221","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DL","submitted_at":"2018-12-21T14:30:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"0a9a679998e442fbde6772382191b1c4db8ada06916436879e4e7935a06a0c2a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1812.09146","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1812.09146","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1812.09146v1","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1812.09146","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NDXAGIHCQLXL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NDXAGIHCQLXL43HF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NDXAGIHC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:40Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6b34d3258ba0f649fa657a9c5a5fca929ab3d6aa13e20db3d364d52e07134a82","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This paper deals with the technology transfer activities of the main public research institution in Italy, the Italian Research Council, CNR. A comparative analysis on patenting and licensing performances between CNR and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT has been carried out. Findings show that: research expenses being equal, CNR patents are 26% of MIT's; and, patents being equal, CNR licenses are also 26% of MIT's. This means that CNR impact on domestic competitiveness, in terms of patent licenses, is less than 7% of MIT's. Moreover, while 83% of CNR patents are never licensed to","authors_text":"Giovanni Abramo","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DL","submitted_at":"2018-12-21T14:30:50Z","title":"The Technology Transfer of the Italian Public Research System: the Case of the National Research Council of Italy"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1812.09146","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f49f34ef616cdacd0f17cb7544b9ba3641e4a174d9c2f0c3a4ff8130fd4171df","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8d9bb3b32e2bbcb560284ca5de7dc5266dd2e0f67e9f6408a246c478a4b6f221","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DL","submitted_at":"2018-12-21T14:30:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"0a9a679998e442fbde6772382191b1c4db8ada06916436879e4e7935a06a0c2a"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1812.09146","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"68ee0320e282eebe6ce54c4b869e8e2f384696e9236e612f9cc49c254cf48fe1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"68ee0320e282eebe6ce54c4b869e8e2f384696e9236e612f9cc49c254cf48fe1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:45.226246Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:45.226246Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"xs8/wrgvqyHrSu+WizAabE95AxdD7WFcS1muFnoj8d7NgtoKBC551TQdu0fx0cDXKOxAV6VqsP6KzRCY1usfBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:57:45.226893Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1812.09146","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f49f34ef616cdacd0f17cb7544b9ba3641e4a174d9c2f0c3a4ff8130fd4171df","sha256:6b34d3258ba0f649fa657a9c5a5fca929ab3d6aa13e20db3d364d52e07134a82"],"state_sha256":"8051880011f78583cf0adc8e40ad341cd06c79f81de1eea591d9a617090b74ec"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"RgE7Zuaz2Di8+wt0qcM1L6w0TtzITS5Kj7Cn1nr5pZdClv1za8vMIIL2JQyJVVcJ/XmVW7Wsy9JZJ1r/zUJIDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T04:48:53.155003Z","bundle_sha256":"777b432fd192422cf6e883360d90cf13ebdcba330bebcc2b745f41c991610f85"}}