{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:NGAVWL2LUBOTUQIRL6UIZYLXL2","short_pith_number":"pith:NGAVWL2L","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1708.02029","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DB","submitted_at":"2017-08-07T08:12:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"de960047516a0d74719a53754968b7089eb930696c267c044dfd271056e92228","abstract_canon_sha256":"32fb58cf1170f0ece76a87e6a0c2cab01e82238c0cc498d76aa7be52e641f603"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"69815b2f4ba05d3a41115fa88ce1775e846159f6fa90e177dd9e6150a70d76c3","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1708.02029","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1708.02029","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1708.02029v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1708.02029","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NGAVWL2LUBOT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NGAVWL2LUBOTUQIR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NGAVWL2L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:31Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:NGAVWL2LUBOTUQIRL6UIZYLXL2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1708.02029","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DB","submitted_at":"2017-08-07T08:12:22Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"de960047516a0d74719a53754968b7089eb930696c267c044dfd271056e92228","abstract_canon_sha256":"32fb58cf1170f0ece76a87e6a0c2cab01e82238c0cc498d76aa7be52e641f603"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"69815b2f4ba05d3a41115fa88ce1775e846159f6fa90e177dd9e6150a70d76c3","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:32.491362Z","signature_b64":"6+tx3zejYAtgKIHvwYWtHpPRjENddoRQ2Kf9Q7b1zmxXBpSlmZRh4C2pFvxrdEIm+tBickSnLTAGhyZ4BeTUAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"69815b2f4ba05d3a41115fa88ce1775e846159f6fa90e177dd9e6150a70d76c3","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:32.490803Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:32.490803Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1708.02029","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OjvJCHn/+YICVASvgWhhcgb7DeBxv9T7lIcKxK5dqK6Hu9I7GxWsGVRk3hWbHVmKxSvSJJnXzmW7c/F5gOGIBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T18:01:40.972814Z"},"content_sha256":"a8c86a787ecc6713040b03927e8ed1988de873e9331aae6e0523b8dae8008ac0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a8c86a787ecc6713040b03927e8ed1988de873e9331aae6e0523b8dae8008ac0"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:NGAVWL2LUBOTUQIRL6UIZYLXL2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"From Appearance to Essence: Comparing Truth Discovery Methods without Using Ground Truth","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.DB","authors_text":"Anne H.H. Ngu, Quan Z. Sheng, Wei Emma Zhang, Xianzhi Wang, Xiu Susie Fang","submitted_at":"2017-08-07T08:12:22Z","abstract_excerpt":"Truth discovery has been widely studied in recent years as a fundamental means for resolving the conflicts in multi-source data. Although many truth discovery methods have been proposed based on different considerations and intuitions, investigations show that no single method consistently outperforms the others. To select the right truth discovery method for a specific application scenario, it becomes essential to evaluate and compare the performance of different methods. A drawback of current research efforts is that they commonly assume the availability of certain ground truth for the evalu"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1708.02029","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QNc23OA9ytIgJbA8iv2EWhWgkvxuOHw306aEm5Nrx/9cL4eRJgeRp9Nz3stwU1e/QBGZ4gKUY1ikdJc17MODCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T18:01:40.973156Z"},"content_sha256":"666b894ff0e3de0ffa678bc6b16da989ea2e148ea505a40c25cf603f0d01d354","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:666b894ff0e3de0ffa678bc6b16da989ea2e148ea505a40c25cf603f0d01d354"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NGAVWL2LUBOTUQIRL6UIZYLXL2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NGAVWL2LUBOTUQIRL6UIZYLXL2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NGAVWL2LUBOTUQIRL6UIZYLXL2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-04T18:01:40Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NGAVWL2LUBOTUQIRL6UIZYLXL2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NGAVWL2LUBOTUQIRL6UIZYLXL2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NGAVWL2LUBOTUQIRL6UIZYLXL2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NGAVWL2LUBOTUQIRL6UIZYLXL2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:NGAVWL2LUBOTUQIRL6UIZYLXL2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"32fb58cf1170f0ece76a87e6a0c2cab01e82238c0cc498d76aa7be52e641f603","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DB","submitted_at":"2017-08-07T08:12:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"de960047516a0d74719a53754968b7089eb930696c267c044dfd271056e92228"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1708.02029","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1708.02029","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1708.02029v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1708.02029","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NGAVWL2LUBOT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NGAVWL2LUBOTUQIR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NGAVWL2L","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:31Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:666b894ff0e3de0ffa678bc6b16da989ea2e148ea505a40c25cf603f0d01d354","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Truth discovery has been widely studied in recent years as a fundamental means for resolving the conflicts in multi-source data. Although many truth discovery methods have been proposed based on different considerations and intuitions, investigations show that no single method consistently outperforms the others. To select the right truth discovery method for a specific application scenario, it becomes essential to evaluate and compare the performance of different methods. A drawback of current research efforts is that they commonly assume the availability of certain ground truth for the evalu","authors_text":"Anne H.H. Ngu, Quan Z. Sheng, Wei Emma Zhang, Xianzhi Wang, Xiu Susie Fang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DB","submitted_at":"2017-08-07T08:12:22Z","title":"From Appearance to Essence: Comparing Truth Discovery Methods without Using Ground Truth"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1708.02029","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a8c86a787ecc6713040b03927e8ed1988de873e9331aae6e0523b8dae8008ac0","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"32fb58cf1170f0ece76a87e6a0c2cab01e82238c0cc498d76aa7be52e641f603","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DB","submitted_at":"2017-08-07T08:12:22Z","title_canon_sha256":"de960047516a0d74719a53754968b7089eb930696c267c044dfd271056e92228"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1708.02029","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"69815b2f4ba05d3a41115fa88ce1775e846159f6fa90e177dd9e6150a70d76c3","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"69815b2f4ba05d3a41115fa88ce1775e846159f6fa90e177dd9e6150a70d76c3","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:32.490803Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:32.490803Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"6+tx3zejYAtgKIHvwYWtHpPRjENddoRQ2Kf9Q7b1zmxXBpSlmZRh4C2pFvxrdEIm+tBickSnLTAGhyZ4BeTUAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:38:32.491362Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1708.02029","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a8c86a787ecc6713040b03927e8ed1988de873e9331aae6e0523b8dae8008ac0","sha256:666b894ff0e3de0ffa678bc6b16da989ea2e148ea505a40c25cf603f0d01d354"],"state_sha256":"1bab102919d918dfd6df69595fdc685a49f8bd57b2dcb406a582c0535d9103fe"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7JZeHp2onW5rbN3kEjyAzicbjcAGFF6yehLd3OjLo0P/hHhT2KhcWFMBpquTyYvIyQf6kffeIpg1/kJJPFZVDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T18:01:40.975489Z","bundle_sha256":"f70df88afd0d632b3ca7f6bd4af1402611572527d2b1a296c361422bb324d291"}}