{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:NGUUWMSVBFCLG3TMGSVIWUVQZJ","short_pith_number":"pith:NGUUWMSV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1303.5352","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2013-03-20T19:14:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.str-el"],"title_canon_sha256":"588b5ae4da19d06501c05d3402fd6bbcb28b5051e41bd1916cd10f24ab3fec3e","abstract_canon_sha256":"87ce74f477a70ea6cc23af8c567240e35008133feffee5e830d7b3c5d2e613c0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"69a94b32550944b36e6c34aa8b52b0ca533007acdd254542718e2085a0a850f0","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1303.5352","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1303.5352","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1303.5352v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1303.5352","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NGUUWMSVBFCL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NGUUWMSVBFCLG3TM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NGUUWMSV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:NGUUWMSVBFCLG3TMGSVIWUVQZJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1303.5352","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2013-03-20T19:14:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.str-el"],"title_canon_sha256":"588b5ae4da19d06501c05d3402fd6bbcb28b5051e41bd1916cd10f24ab3fec3e","abstract_canon_sha256":"87ce74f477a70ea6cc23af8c567240e35008133feffee5e830d7b3c5d2e613c0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"69a94b32550944b36e6c34aa8b52b0ca533007acdd254542718e2085a0a850f0","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:59.834598Z","signature_b64":"40nSfVwjgSnl5mIAK0jQKvaIOlvpoT37N64FgodpTOA7SSJ4nkWNajST/kJOPCrCrsxVOjFi/sICYFsSfgTGBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"69a94b32550944b36e6c34aa8b52b0ca533007acdd254542718e2085a0a850f0","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:59.834123Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:59.834123Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1303.5352","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CxhEsFCSnmUrPdEoOdB4J0Z4y7/xCxWImPDXeNbBHnH7S6u9rCNWVvlsvnJPMpDS5/wxemxyrlBrynq4OOlWBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T08:16:21.829551Z"},"content_sha256":"1cbac8cc0e5509d8b6f899c45a715702af4283a1cabf9baaa3af5569fbb7da98","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1cbac8cc0e5509d8b6f899c45a715702af4283a1cabf9baaa3af5569fbb7da98"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:NGUUWMSVBFCLG3TMGSVIWUVQZJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"LaAlO3 stoichiometry found key to electron liquid formation at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.str-el"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"A. A. Pawlicki, B. Mulcahy, C. Richter, C. Stephen Hellberg, D. A. Muller, D. G. Schlom, J. A. Mundy, J. Ludwig, J. Mannhart, J. N. Eckstein, J. Schubert, L. F. Kourkoutis, M. Lee, M. P. Warusawithana, M. Zheng, P. Roy, S. Paetel, T. Heeg, W. Zander, Y. Zhu","submitted_at":"2013-03-20T19:14:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"Emergent phenomena, including superconductivity and magnetism, found in the two-dimensional electron liquid (2-DEL) at the interface between the insulators LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 distinguish this rich system from conventional two-dimensional electron gases at compound semiconductor interfaces. The origin of this 2-DEL, however, is highly debated with focus on the role of defects in the SrTiO3 while the LaAlO3 has been assumed perfect. Our experiments and first principles calculations show that the cation stoichiometry of the nominal LaAlO3 layer is key to 2-DEL formation: only Al-rich LaAlO3 result"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1303.5352","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"U/w+Gfiwaypyo30XMQ1GzLulmI44qKilGTuA+vdhRGQuEiS+hkBMQh8unVUpiSvLEJCt7q10Xwh4pZ4BhnQ/Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T08:16:21.829904Z"},"content_sha256":"0ae7f768f5f8d20603d6a5905311e8beee12d8cab2f1edf55edf6dc51cb92fca","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0ae7f768f5f8d20603d6a5905311e8beee12d8cab2f1edf55edf6dc51cb92fca"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NGUUWMSVBFCLG3TMGSVIWUVQZJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NGUUWMSVBFCLG3TMGSVIWUVQZJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NGUUWMSVBFCLG3TMGSVIWUVQZJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-01T08:16:21Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NGUUWMSVBFCLG3TMGSVIWUVQZJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NGUUWMSVBFCLG3TMGSVIWUVQZJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NGUUWMSVBFCLG3TMGSVIWUVQZJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NGUUWMSVBFCLG3TMGSVIWUVQZJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:NGUUWMSVBFCLG3TMGSVIWUVQZJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"87ce74f477a70ea6cc23af8c567240e35008133feffee5e830d7b3c5d2e613c0","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.str-el"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2013-03-20T19:14:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"588b5ae4da19d06501c05d3402fd6bbcb28b5051e41bd1916cd10f24ab3fec3e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1303.5352","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1303.5352","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1303.5352v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1303.5352","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NGUUWMSVBFCL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NGUUWMSVBFCLG3TM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NGUUWMSV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0ae7f768f5f8d20603d6a5905311e8beee12d8cab2f1edf55edf6dc51cb92fca","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Emergent phenomena, including superconductivity and magnetism, found in the two-dimensional electron liquid (2-DEL) at the interface between the insulators LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 distinguish this rich system from conventional two-dimensional electron gases at compound semiconductor interfaces. The origin of this 2-DEL, however, is highly debated with focus on the role of defects in the SrTiO3 while the LaAlO3 has been assumed perfect. Our experiments and first principles calculations show that the cation stoichiometry of the nominal LaAlO3 layer is key to 2-DEL formation: only Al-rich LaAlO3 result","authors_text":"A. A. Pawlicki, B. Mulcahy, C. Richter, C. Stephen Hellberg, D. A. Muller, D. G. Schlom, J. A. Mundy, J. Ludwig, J. Mannhart, J. N. Eckstein, J. Schubert, L. F. Kourkoutis, M. Lee, M. P. Warusawithana, M. Zheng, P. Roy, S. Paetel, T. Heeg, W. Zander, Y. Zhu","cross_cats":["cond-mat.str-el"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2013-03-20T19:14:36Z","title":"LaAlO3 stoichiometry found key to electron liquid formation at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1303.5352","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1cbac8cc0e5509d8b6f899c45a715702af4283a1cabf9baaa3af5569fbb7da98","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"87ce74f477a70ea6cc23af8c567240e35008133feffee5e830d7b3c5d2e613c0","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.str-el"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2013-03-20T19:14:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"588b5ae4da19d06501c05d3402fd6bbcb28b5051e41bd1916cd10f24ab3fec3e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1303.5352","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"69a94b32550944b36e6c34aa8b52b0ca533007acdd254542718e2085a0a850f0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"69a94b32550944b36e6c34aa8b52b0ca533007acdd254542718e2085a0a850f0","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:59.834123Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:59.834123Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"40nSfVwjgSnl5mIAK0jQKvaIOlvpoT37N64FgodpTOA7SSJ4nkWNajST/kJOPCrCrsxVOjFi/sICYFsSfgTGBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:59.834598Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1303.5352","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1cbac8cc0e5509d8b6f899c45a715702af4283a1cabf9baaa3af5569fbb7da98","sha256:0ae7f768f5f8d20603d6a5905311e8beee12d8cab2f1edf55edf6dc51cb92fca"],"state_sha256":"ad663f48d646f245ab36ced6600a8394146d20e21b55482246376fa6653a19b1"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9ONyqgcp+/vDCsbLbdqkrFPZdB2ePOsiLu1S3K3jACQcFekTXBCkJxfr71YPBJss9DQFjeNjiq6rCgm/Ud4xBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-01T08:16:21.831891Z","bundle_sha256":"ca396795842ecee1db910bb01a328dec211c44f12ff62d6a8e95a586222c30dd"}}