{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2026:NHDDENWPCOJ7ZZ4C5QN2CT44F6","short_pith_number":"pith:NHDDENWP","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"69c63236cf1393fce782ec1ba14f9c2fa0172efbc5f812a57e665b89f422e74e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2605.12919","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"GuardMarkGS: Unified Ownership Tracing and Edit Deterrence for 3D Gaussian Splatting","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"A single optimization framework embeds ownership watermarks into 3D Gaussian Splatting while diverting unauthorized edits.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"ByoungSoo Koh, Jaewan Choi, Jongheon Jeong, Junseok Lee, Sang Ho Yoon, Sangpil Kim, Utae Jeong","submitted_at":"2026-05-13T02:48:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) is becoming a practical representation for novel view synthesis, but its growing adoption, together with rapid advances in instruction-driven 3DGS editing, also exposes a dual copyright risk: once a 3DGS-based asset is released, it can be used without permission and manipulated through 3D editing. Existing protection methods address only one side of this problem. Watermarking can trace ownership after unauthorized use, but it cannot prevent malicious editing. Adversarial edit-deterrence methods can disrupt editing, but they do not provide evidence of ownership. To "},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":true,"formal_links_present":true},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.12919","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2026-05-13T02:48:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7452a5148944c5830bfe03f1d0727630004233df7c24f4befc430f676433b0bb","abstract_canon_sha256":"83c5a6705efc669858f53540ba90a108cfa8e58fe923886338eef3fd639e36fe"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:09:10.279213Z","signature_b64":"dzIV0PpvatjQfDspUPy9ti5J+rik3OhwDPyJsXUH33592ARH6KVwF1heNnyFgzp0Btc7BiKNjxKzMFMqOiXPBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"69c63236cf1393fce782ec1ba14f9c2fa0172efbc5f812a57e665b89f422e74e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:09:10.278466Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:09:10.278466Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"GuardMarkGS: Unified Ownership Tracing and Edit Deterrence for 3D Gaussian Splatting","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"A single optimization framework embeds ownership watermarks into 3D Gaussian Splatting while diverting unauthorized edits.","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"ByoungSoo Koh, Jaewan Choi, Jongheon Jeong, Junseok Lee, Sang Ho Yoon, Sangpil Kim, Utae Jeong","submitted_at":"2026-05-13T02:48:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) is becoming a practical representation for novel view synthesis, but its growing adoption, together with rapid advances in instruction-driven 3DGS editing, also exposes a dual copyright risk: once a 3DGS-based asset is released, it can be used without permission and manipulated through 3D editing. Existing protection methods address only one side of this problem. Watermarking can trace ownership after unauthorized use, but it cannot prevent malicious editing. Adversarial edit-deterrence methods can disrupt editing, but they do not provide evidence of ownership. To "},"claims":{"count":4,"items":[{"kind":"strongest_claim","text":"To the best of our knowledge, we present the first unified protection framework for 3DGS that jointly optimizes ownership tracing and unauthorized editing deterrence.","source":"verdict.strongest_claim","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C1","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"weakest_assumption","text":"That the combined watermarking and adversarial objectives can be balanced via Gaussian selection without introducing artifacts that advanced editing methods could bypass or that would degrade rendering fidelity below acceptable levels.","source":"verdict.weakest_assumption","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C2","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"one_line_summary","text":"GuardMarkGS unifies watermarking and adversarial edit deterrence into a single optimization framework for protecting 3D Gaussian Splatting assets.","source":"verdict.one_line_summary","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C3","attestation":"unclaimed"},{"kind":"headline","text":"A single optimization framework embeds ownership watermarks into 3D Gaussian Splatting while diverting unauthorized edits.","source":"verdict.pith_extraction.headline","status":"machine_extracted","claim_id":"C4","attestation":"unclaimed"}],"snapshot_sha256":"55aab030222aa82b76cfbfd503383d85eac32d544d1a5e49aa8656ccc06d9993"},"source":{"id":"2605.12919","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":"dbedf340-5f97-4c7a-ad3f-7c5e372756fe","model_set":{"reader":"grok-4.3"},"created_at":"2026-05-14T20:18:35.152410Z","strongest_claim":"To the best of our knowledge, we present the first unified protection framework for 3DGS that jointly optimizes ownership tracing and unauthorized editing deterrence.","one_line_summary":"GuardMarkGS unifies watermarking and adversarial edit deterrence into a single optimization framework for protecting 3D Gaussian Splatting assets.","pipeline_version":"pith-pipeline@v0.9.0","weakest_assumption":"That the combined watermarking and adversarial objectives can be balanced via Gaussian selection without introducing artifacts that advanced editing methods could bypass or that would degrade rendering fidelity below acceptable levels.","pith_extraction_headline":"A single optimization framework embeds ownership watermarks into 3D Gaussian Splatting while diverting unauthorized edits."},"references":{"count":48,"sample":[{"doi":"","year":2023,"title":"3d gaussian splatting for real-time radiance field rendering.ACM Transactions on Graphics, 42(4), July 2023","work_id":"11d1e347-d3c8-4401-9efd-1076f38df021","ref_index":1,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2020,"title":"Srinivasan, Matthew Tancik, Jonathan T","work_id":"7a35f9b1-95c0-4965-9955-8e1abe480d06","ref_index":2,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"10.1145/3528223","year":2022,"title":"Instant neural graphics primitives with a multiresolution hash encoding.ACM Trans","work_id":"5feb9c15-85e6-43d8-aa8a-3bc6a4508fe1","ref_index":3,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2024,"title":"Scaffold-gs: Structured 3d gaussians for view-adaptive rendering","work_id":"bd606020-939f-411c-b4ea-45a71c9c767b","ref_index":4,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false},{"doi":"","year":2023,"title":"Efros, Aleksander Holynski, and Angjoo Kanazawa","work_id":"ccedde8f-e450-42ce-b8c9-e00518de0ea2","ref_index":5,"cited_arxiv_id":"","is_internal_anchor":false}],"resolved_work":48,"snapshot_sha256":"cbb8f32bf862c1d5023a5d0209ac1330785119f6068deed300a128bbb7cca75a","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"snapshot_sha256":"5a00d31a5ce9630885e32153c9ce6cfe113aad60a99b7e4c66cecf1320afb086"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.12919","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:09:10.278601+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.12919v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:09:10.278601+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.12919","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:09:10.278601+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NHDDENWPCOJ7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37.589309+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NHDDENWPCOJ7ZZ4C","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37.589309+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NHDDENWP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:33:37.589309+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":2,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/NHDDENWPCOJ7ZZ4C5QN2CT44F6","json":"https://pith.science/pith/NHDDENWPCOJ7ZZ4C5QN2CT44F6.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/NHDDENWPCOJ7ZZ4C5QN2CT44F6/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/NHDDENWPCOJ7ZZ4C5QN2CT44F6/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/NHDDENWP"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/NHDDENWPCOJ7ZZ4C5QN2CT44F6","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/NHDDENWPCOJ7ZZ4C5QN2CT44F6.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/NHDDENWP","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2605.12919&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/NHDDENWPCOJ7ZZ4C5QN2CT44F6/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/NHDDENWPCOJ7ZZ4C5QN2CT44F6/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/NHDDENWPCOJ7ZZ4C5QN2CT44F6/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/NHDDENWPCOJ7ZZ4C5QN2CT44F6/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/NHDDENWPCOJ7ZZ4C5QN2CT44F6/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/NHDDENWPCOJ7ZZ4C5QN2CT44F6/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/NHDDENWPCOJ7ZZ4C5QN2CT44F6/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:09:10.278601+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T03:09:10.278601+00:00"}