{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:NINUGVXBX2ZTIS662TERNDWQ53","short_pith_number":"pith:NINUGVXB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2008.12260","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2020-08-27T16:56:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"f57c8e4d0015672323d20fd5c852c11936ce8d328b5fff21acdf1d6d95e4e5e8","abstract_canon_sha256":"bd8f3d11040b3becf3821573087049ee8594f3b27172f4bdad14476401af9c83"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6a1b4356e1beb3344bded4c9168ed0eec3bb3ef35c5b5b75de7eb0f28ace5040","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2008.12260","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2008.12260","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2008.12260v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2008.12260","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NINUGVXBX2ZT","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NINUGVXBX2ZTIS66","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NINUGVXB","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:29Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:NINUGVXBX2ZTIS662TERNDWQ53","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2008.12260","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2020-08-27T16:56:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"f57c8e4d0015672323d20fd5c852c11936ce8d328b5fff21acdf1d6d95e4e5e8","abstract_canon_sha256":"bd8f3d11040b3becf3821573087049ee8594f3b27172f4bdad14476401af9c83"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6a1b4356e1beb3344bded4c9168ed0eec3bb3ef35c5b5b75de7eb0f28ace5040","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:29.842573Z","signature_b64":"FY4lD8JYG2+ms9V7aTEZA5OwwqAtl4xbVmF2WzS1sMM/RkgP7beW/ijHArc8rTOFChg7UtnOc5nEn3KPJkEKAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6a1b4356e1beb3344bded4c9168ed0eec3bb3ef35c5b5b75de7eb0f28ace5040","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:29.842042Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:29.842042Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2008.12260","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xKLEKi3udAvmr1CpgkNe9UFqt0ww3rW5toNX+DTy4kfMHLtzkTi/jFdeuI4BzYm+EyvgF/gibI2FlfLms+v3AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T13:41:03.125057Z"},"content_sha256":"ca40739ef7fa7a9457e260f9c3a2de48c383dd3d271ccd8e2c12cc88cec4617d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ca40739ef7fa7a9457e260f9c3a2de48c383dd3d271ccd8e2c12cc88cec4617d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:NINUGVXBX2ZTIS662TERNDWQ53","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Pollux: Co-adaptive Cluster Scheduling for Goodput-Optimized Deep Learning","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.DC","authors_text":"Aurick Qiao, Eric P. Xing, Gregory R. Ganger, Hao Zhang, Qirong Ho, Sang Keun Choe, Suhas Jayaram Subramanya, Willie Neiswanger","submitted_at":"2020-08-27T16:56:48Z","abstract_excerpt":"Pollux improves scheduling performance in deep learning (DL) clusters by adaptively co-optimizing inter-dependent factors both at the per-job level and at the cluster-wide level. Most existing schedulers expect users to specify the number of resources for each job, often leading to inefficient resource use. Some recent schedulers choose job resources for users, but do so without awareness of how DL training can be re-optimized to better utilize the provided resources.\n  Pollux simultaneously considers both aspects. By monitoring the status of each job during training, Pollux models how their g"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2008.12260","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2008.12260/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aOsJ1+hQN3P/JkR39EBkJpZnjel27kbovgtsfTGuVzZ0WfW4LbkBtb2NgL4Ks0VuroJFns0o1L2fFBNoSk8LAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T13:41:03.125483Z"},"content_sha256":"d32d66c483c938c2df85f335b5403d378afc3363403643df21649b546d538dfa","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d32d66c483c938c2df85f335b5403d378afc3363403643df21649b546d538dfa"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NINUGVXBX2ZTIS662TERNDWQ53/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NINUGVXBX2ZTIS662TERNDWQ53/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NINUGVXBX2ZTIS662TERNDWQ53/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T13:41:03Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NINUGVXBX2ZTIS662TERNDWQ53","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NINUGVXBX2ZTIS662TERNDWQ53/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NINUGVXBX2ZTIS662TERNDWQ53/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NINUGVXBX2ZTIS662TERNDWQ53/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:NINUGVXBX2ZTIS662TERNDWQ53","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bd8f3d11040b3becf3821573087049ee8594f3b27172f4bdad14476401af9c83","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2020-08-27T16:56:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"f57c8e4d0015672323d20fd5c852c11936ce8d328b5fff21acdf1d6d95e4e5e8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2008.12260","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2008.12260","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2008.12260v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2008.12260","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NINUGVXBX2ZT","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NINUGVXBX2ZTIS66","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NINUGVXB","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:29Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d32d66c483c938c2df85f335b5403d378afc3363403643df21649b546d538dfa","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2008.12260/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Pollux improves scheduling performance in deep learning (DL) clusters by adaptively co-optimizing inter-dependent factors both at the per-job level and at the cluster-wide level. Most existing schedulers expect users to specify the number of resources for each job, often leading to inefficient resource use. Some recent schedulers choose job resources for users, but do so without awareness of how DL training can be re-optimized to better utilize the provided resources.\n  Pollux simultaneously considers both aspects. By monitoring the status of each job during training, Pollux models how their g","authors_text":"Aurick Qiao, Eric P. Xing, Gregory R. Ganger, Hao Zhang, Qirong Ho, Sang Keun Choe, Suhas Jayaram Subramanya, Willie Neiswanger","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2020-08-27T16:56:48Z","title":"Pollux: Co-adaptive Cluster Scheduling for Goodput-Optimized Deep Learning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2008.12260","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ca40739ef7fa7a9457e260f9c3a2de48c383dd3d271ccd8e2c12cc88cec4617d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"bd8f3d11040b3becf3821573087049ee8594f3b27172f4bdad14476401af9c83","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.DC","submitted_at":"2020-08-27T16:56:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"f57c8e4d0015672323d20fd5c852c11936ce8d328b5fff21acdf1d6d95e4e5e8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2008.12260","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"6a1b4356e1beb3344bded4c9168ed0eec3bb3ef35c5b5b75de7eb0f28ace5040","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6a1b4356e1beb3344bded4c9168ed0eec3bb3ef35c5b5b75de7eb0f28ace5040","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:29.842042Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:29.842042Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"FY4lD8JYG2+ms9V7aTEZA5OwwqAtl4xbVmF2WzS1sMM/RkgP7beW/ijHArc8rTOFChg7UtnOc5nEn3KPJkEKAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:43:29.842573Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2008.12260","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ca40739ef7fa7a9457e260f9c3a2de48c383dd3d271ccd8e2c12cc88cec4617d","sha256:d32d66c483c938c2df85f335b5403d378afc3363403643df21649b546d538dfa"],"state_sha256":"02c9f960735674cba953828769e6d85c931b2acf3e246a3091638c1d7e8c5dd8"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"O8aKZqRTooe/5Uqz5adQHl2H8+Qft2CKHOyq/2F0hYJo/9zLrzXAoCBycDOMG8ezhdxffE3LNn+o+wM14rIMBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T13:41:03.127609Z","bundle_sha256":"b92ed8cb747bd84cd33dbde716687fb5e746be7d7b588cfb4a2df7d5e585dc39"}}