{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:NJKGWJ7U25DXGNORYXCCUF66ZM","short_pith_number":"pith:NJKGWJ7U","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1609.03098","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2016-09-10T22:45:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1134cebee47f34a9c02741999b0a33bd600eb20650bae012e0dae9dd16a41211","abstract_canon_sha256":"60fdeabbd932f8249924d292a4357e6a672e65c420837f545a9a83a2799a268e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6a546b27f4d7477335d1c5c42a17decb167d282b4e86ae4544d0b404286a9da3","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1609.03098","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1609.03098","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1609.03098v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1609.03098","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NJKGWJ7U25DX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NJKGWJ7U25DXGNOR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NJKGWJ7U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:NJKGWJ7U25DXGNORYXCCUF66ZM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1609.03098","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2016-09-10T22:45:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1134cebee47f34a9c02741999b0a33bd600eb20650bae012e0dae9dd16a41211","abstract_canon_sha256":"60fdeabbd932f8249924d292a4357e6a672e65c420837f545a9a83a2799a268e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6a546b27f4d7477335d1c5c42a17decb167d282b4e86ae4544d0b404286a9da3","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:47.773190Z","signature_b64":"xezpFHvTpBUucfkvsGNm34d/lxKXoH42LXg9fzibP+t9CaaDb6fOnrxTOOV2VouuYqnD6y5iNMG03N36Oi+hBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6a546b27f4d7477335d1c5c42a17decb167d282b4e86ae4544d0b404286a9da3","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:47.772719Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:47.772719Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1609.03098","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"z+9/PKxsXBV1/Db52Bti8VSiMLeMauD+FIFHPZALRjfQgxLIB+Yexag36Cp67cfPgc8IMSOFO+SJL9SufFboCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T11:21:42.810732Z"},"content_sha256":"56904f4de1a615cb84959a8282fc6f9aed3d4dc4f530beeb7cb6a2fbc7ddbc63","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:56904f4de1a615cb84959a8282fc6f9aed3d4dc4f530beeb7cb6a2fbc7ddbc63"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:NJKGWJ7U25DXGNORYXCCUF66ZM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Towards a general(ized) shear thickening rheology of wet granular materials under small pressure","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","authors_text":"Stefan Luding, Sudeshna Roy, Thomas Weinhart","submitted_at":"2016-09-10T22:45:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study the rheology of dry and wet granular materials in the steady quasistatic regime using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) in a split-bottom ring shear cell with focus on the macroscopic friction. The aim of our study is to understand the local rheology of bulk flow at various positions in the shear band, where the system is in critical state. The general(ized) rheology has four dimensionless control parameters that relate the time scales of five significant phenomena, namely, the time scales related to confining pressure $t_p$, shear rate $t_{\\dot{\\gamma}}$, particle stiffness $t_k$, gr"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1609.03098","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QvoYZ6VXcO4y3DDbBibnbn1zrXHyvrmk4tULSP+i7KCJJ+zxjWQ/sH7CUOaI8G7oUVRRXnggTsDcDkpMoPsTCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T11:21:42.811084Z"},"content_sha256":"36b79a39a269a99d0f2a9a23700fc7dd96b97dd80f816a859fdc356fe990a521","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:36b79a39a269a99d0f2a9a23700fc7dd96b97dd80f816a859fdc356fe990a521"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NJKGWJ7U25DXGNORYXCCUF66ZM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NJKGWJ7U25DXGNORYXCCUF66ZM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NJKGWJ7U25DXGNORYXCCUF66ZM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-04T11:21:42Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NJKGWJ7U25DXGNORYXCCUF66ZM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NJKGWJ7U25DXGNORYXCCUF66ZM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NJKGWJ7U25DXGNORYXCCUF66ZM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NJKGWJ7U25DXGNORYXCCUF66ZM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:NJKGWJ7U25DXGNORYXCCUF66ZM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"60fdeabbd932f8249924d292a4357e6a672e65c420837f545a9a83a2799a268e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2016-09-10T22:45:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"1134cebee47f34a9c02741999b0a33bd600eb20650bae012e0dae9dd16a41211"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1609.03098","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1609.03098","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1609.03098v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1609.03098","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NJKGWJ7U25DX","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NJKGWJ7U25DXGNOR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NJKGWJ7U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:36b79a39a269a99d0f2a9a23700fc7dd96b97dd80f816a859fdc356fe990a521","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We study the rheology of dry and wet granular materials in the steady quasistatic regime using the Discrete Element Method (DEM) in a split-bottom ring shear cell with focus on the macroscopic friction. The aim of our study is to understand the local rheology of bulk flow at various positions in the shear band, where the system is in critical state. The general(ized) rheology has four dimensionless control parameters that relate the time scales of five significant phenomena, namely, the time scales related to confining pressure $t_p$, shear rate $t_{\\dot{\\gamma}}$, particle stiffness $t_k$, gr","authors_text":"Stefan Luding, Sudeshna Roy, Thomas Weinhart","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2016-09-10T22:45:51Z","title":"Towards a general(ized) shear thickening rheology of wet granular materials under small pressure"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1609.03098","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:56904f4de1a615cb84959a8282fc6f9aed3d4dc4f530beeb7cb6a2fbc7ddbc63","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"60fdeabbd932f8249924d292a4357e6a672e65c420837f545a9a83a2799a268e","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2016-09-10T22:45:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"1134cebee47f34a9c02741999b0a33bd600eb20650bae012e0dae9dd16a41211"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1609.03098","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"6a546b27f4d7477335d1c5c42a17decb167d282b4e86ae4544d0b404286a9da3","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6a546b27f4d7477335d1c5c42a17decb167d282b4e86ae4544d0b404286a9da3","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:47.772719Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:47.772719Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"xezpFHvTpBUucfkvsGNm34d/lxKXoH42LXg9fzibP+t9CaaDb6fOnrxTOOV2VouuYqnD6y5iNMG03N36Oi+hBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:04:47.773190Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1609.03098","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:56904f4de1a615cb84959a8282fc6f9aed3d4dc4f530beeb7cb6a2fbc7ddbc63","sha256:36b79a39a269a99d0f2a9a23700fc7dd96b97dd80f816a859fdc356fe990a521"],"state_sha256":"3520a645003d9c099722558b113dd39f37e8f91f59fd54c77533a37396b9de58"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NRql/Xt47dWzRW+5XObAVKpHi6fSV9Yd2C6EXENItqPllqIxFdxmBYcvK63Hkuq2WDgf5soA7OVfuqs6JRdYCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T11:21:42.813070Z","bundle_sha256":"f823944ac1f6debf06f94a5d1ce4a260c238e93d79a2ec8d0a590025b11fa040"}}