{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2002:NKQGM4TLRM33IH7RGJJDNPZQ27","short_pith_number":"pith:NKQGM4TL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"quant-ph/0202088","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2002-02-15T17:42:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"29b2c8936881893f39c050d393f1ede026d01e8b57733f91266ae08aa3284920","abstract_canon_sha256":"67857603d881833045c0e201224694a12c80f720c1fe99f1ee6aab46e1406b3b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6aa066726b8b37b41ff1325236bf30d7e7a1df56f4940acc228d9db1f1a4e73c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"quant-ph/0202088","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"quant-ph/0202088","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"quant-ph/0202088v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0202088","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NKQGM4TLRM33","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NKQGM4TLRM33IH7R","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NKQGM4TL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:51Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2002:NKQGM4TLRM33IH7RGJJDNPZQ27","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"quant-ph/0202088","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2002-02-15T17:42:50Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"29b2c8936881893f39c050d393f1ede026d01e8b57733f91266ae08aa3284920","abstract_canon_sha256":"67857603d881833045c0e201224694a12c80f720c1fe99f1ee6aab46e1406b3b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6aa066726b8b37b41ff1325236bf30d7e7a1df56f4940acc228d9db1f1a4e73c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:09.329017Z","signature_b64":"52e5xnfc6caZmQJ/NCnON9O2g6hQcvhcGhARCSmjX/8jbFGvYCg4hYyFTnO5B8+Nm6QJ7FvWhHCbuEZXaW2tAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6aa066726b8b37b41ff1325236bf30d7e7a1df56f4940acc228d9db1f1a4e73c","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:09.328609Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:09.328609Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"quant-ph/0202088","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xYpukogxlJ876mUVEFZJtCZDIf7dONeN/oXHA7djsuvwpdT9vh2JPhc3AcYmXg6v8oEpYFv/LKUEnSnShCfiAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T14:37:59.430043Z"},"content_sha256":"433cb21cd3c78eb35e4007d5c157d8580d668a385d48a8e943a3009d13376ff8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:433cb21cd3c78eb35e4007d5c157d8580d668a385d48a8e943a3009d13376ff8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2002:NKQGM4TLRM33IH7RGJJDNPZQ27","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Entangled-photon ellipsometry","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Alexander V. Sergienko, Ayman F. Abouraddy, Bahaa E. A. Saleh, Jr., Kimani C. Toussaint, Malvin C. Teich","submitted_at":"2002-02-15T17:42:50Z","abstract_excerpt":"Performing reliable measurements in optical metrology, such as those needed in ellipsometry, requires a calibrated source and detector, or a well-characterized reference sample. We present a novel interferometric technique to perform reliable ellipsometric measurements. This technique relies on the use of a non-classical optical source, namely polarization-entangled twin photons generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion from a nonlinear crystal, in conjunction with a coincidence-detection scheme. Ellipsometric measurements acquired with this scheme are absolute, i.e., they require nei"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"quant-ph/0202088","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Kehaw13NSTpLLevgw7GigbPbynF2MwrPXTc72FTACPoWzJ3sjukZ4vKhK+ad5zpE4or8fs58KItje8S/0j0kBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T14:37:59.430404Z"},"content_sha256":"eddeb656832ea607f9e6489ae357fe876fe34a54ec5189b0c82645df1c83960c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:eddeb656832ea607f9e6489ae357fe876fe34a54ec5189b0c82645df1c83960c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NKQGM4TLRM33IH7RGJJDNPZQ27/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NKQGM4TLRM33IH7RGJJDNPZQ27/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NKQGM4TLRM33IH7RGJJDNPZQ27/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-30T14:37:59Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NKQGM4TLRM33IH7RGJJDNPZQ27","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NKQGM4TLRM33IH7RGJJDNPZQ27/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NKQGM4TLRM33IH7RGJJDNPZQ27/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NKQGM4TLRM33IH7RGJJDNPZQ27/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2002:NKQGM4TLRM33IH7RGJJDNPZQ27","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"67857603d881833045c0e201224694a12c80f720c1fe99f1ee6aab46e1406b3b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2002-02-15T17:42:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"29b2c8936881893f39c050d393f1ede026d01e8b57733f91266ae08aa3284920"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"quant-ph/0202088","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"quant-ph/0202088","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"quant-ph/0202088v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0202088","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NKQGM4TLRM33","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NKQGM4TLRM33IH7R","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NKQGM4TL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:51Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:eddeb656832ea607f9e6489ae357fe876fe34a54ec5189b0c82645df1c83960c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Performing reliable measurements in optical metrology, such as those needed in ellipsometry, requires a calibrated source and detector, or a well-characterized reference sample. We present a novel interferometric technique to perform reliable ellipsometric measurements. This technique relies on the use of a non-classical optical source, namely polarization-entangled twin photons generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion from a nonlinear crystal, in conjunction with a coincidence-detection scheme. Ellipsometric measurements acquired with this scheme are absolute, i.e., they require nei","authors_text":"Alexander V. Sergienko, Ayman F. Abouraddy, Bahaa E. A. Saleh, Jr., Kimani C. Toussaint, Malvin C. Teich","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2002-02-15T17:42:50Z","title":"Entangled-photon ellipsometry"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"quant-ph/0202088","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:433cb21cd3c78eb35e4007d5c157d8580d668a385d48a8e943a3009d13376ff8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"67857603d881833045c0e201224694a12c80f720c1fe99f1ee6aab46e1406b3b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2002-02-15T17:42:50Z","title_canon_sha256":"29b2c8936881893f39c050d393f1ede026d01e8b57733f91266ae08aa3284920"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"quant-ph/0202088","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"6aa066726b8b37b41ff1325236bf30d7e7a1df56f4940acc228d9db1f1a4e73c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6aa066726b8b37b41ff1325236bf30d7e7a1df56f4940acc228d9db1f1a4e73c","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:09.328609Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:09.328609Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"52e5xnfc6caZmQJ/NCnON9O2g6hQcvhcGhARCSmjX/8jbFGvYCg4hYyFTnO5B8+Nm6QJ7FvWhHCbuEZXaW2tAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:09.329017Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"quant-ph/0202088","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:433cb21cd3c78eb35e4007d5c157d8580d668a385d48a8e943a3009d13376ff8","sha256:eddeb656832ea607f9e6489ae357fe876fe34a54ec5189b0c82645df1c83960c"],"state_sha256":"960e5313bbd3837fe3282bad6622a9c9ee47dfe269b81255962173da59d191dd"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TwaRphDRH3OSsOUWwUmaA6KDesYztLTTxsXgYziGd25wTdoUnVMnQZBxuhTXfZoKu+FBg5saDeYx7Ut42UnRAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-30T14:37:59.432324Z","bundle_sha256":"f4b28938ffc5a0eefb017beabdf405e1988381431ae11795e8e8d2334bd41a60"}}