{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:NLSG65OM7AO27F47MFV3Z5AOVD","short_pith_number":"pith:NLSG65OM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.21014","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2026-05-20T10:49:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"1159c7e468ea288eb759afd9620561da21f320beddc4bbce9d0fc3f8d3a8c78b","abstract_canon_sha256":"25312a8fd08885b2d8fd9e09e3a445113febdfc0d7b58e2a6598ee5c7aa76a1b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6ae46f75ccf81daf979f616bbcf40ea8f9a1ec5ca790356c01c00f4c00b8fa9f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2605.21014","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.21014","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:05:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.21014v1","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:05:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.21014","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:05:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NLSG65OM7AO2","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:05:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NLSG65OM7AO27F47","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:05:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NLSG65OM","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:05:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:NLSG65OM7AO27F47MFV3Z5AOVD","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2605.21014","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2026-05-20T10:49:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"1159c7e468ea288eb759afd9620561da21f320beddc4bbce9d0fc3f8d3a8c78b","abstract_canon_sha256":"25312a8fd08885b2d8fd9e09e3a445113febdfc0d7b58e2a6598ee5c7aa76a1b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6ae46f75ccf81daf979f616bbcf40ea8f9a1ec5ca790356c01c00f4c00b8fa9f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-21T01:05:32.367897Z","signature_b64":"s8WXkYwCcjRGSBH0kzwL7QtC8dzjcpyz4xa4hZiU2Y+eoqVA2nbbEdvgLlw1iK8y4C/wfHROKeOmW8MltG5mBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6ae46f75ccf81daf979f616bbcf40ea8f9a1ec5ca790356c01c00f4c00b8fa9f","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-21T01:05:32.367075Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-21T01:05:32.367075Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2605.21014","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-21T01:05:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vMm/ft6Z6050NqqoSypQcbvI7vfYka65kcigWvqNH3ogYRE1VQRsbrC+p1wJINLEOvbffsowI2QhUjf69+F2Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-22T10:53:03.850891Z"},"content_sha256":"2e4b1b2927ffe2b93e7fc48138a669ccc4f37bad7d846f6cc3116d1d083a7a5c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2e4b1b2927ffe2b93e7fc48138a669ccc4f37bad7d846f6cc3116d1d083a7a5c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:NLSG65OM7AO27F47MFV3Z5AOVD","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Demonstration of Broadband Non-Resonant Time-Crystal Amplification in Microwaves","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.app-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Alexander V. Kildishev, Dimitrios Peroulis, Ludmila J. Prokopeva, Mordechai Segev, Thomas R. Jones","submitted_at":"2026-05-20T10:49:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"We report an optically modulated experimental realization of a photonic time crystal (PTC) in the microwave regime, demonstrating for the first time that the PTC exponential growth can overcome losses and finite-size constraints of a practical spatio-temporal system and yield stable positive terminal gain over a continuous broadband frequency range. The developed experimental platform is a purely time-modulated capacitor (TMC) microwave circuit based on a microstrip transmission line, in which synchronized optical modulation of reverse-biased photodiodes generates strong (94.5 %) temporal modu"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.21014","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2605.21014/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-21T01:05:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"81DeUuFLqy1GQCiDms7apMNXm//93qM9EAfMp1WXy2fgWBeoKI0lO5PtBouSVHT/b+FVoiSLNw40sdKq7NO4Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-22T10:53:03.851303Z"},"content_sha256":"47f03b916332444a8d48077dba507270ed93c9008cdba21f3b2b2e1792b528b3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:47f03b916332444a8d48077dba507270ed93c9008cdba21f3b2b2e1792b528b3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NLSG65OM7AO27F47MFV3Z5AOVD/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NLSG65OM7AO27F47MFV3Z5AOVD/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NLSG65OM7AO27F47MFV3Z5AOVD/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-22T10:53:03Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NLSG65OM7AO27F47MFV3Z5AOVD","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NLSG65OM7AO27F47MFV3Z5AOVD/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NLSG65OM7AO27F47MFV3Z5AOVD/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NLSG65OM7AO27F47MFV3Z5AOVD/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:NLSG65OM7AO27F47MFV3Z5AOVD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"25312a8fd08885b2d8fd9e09e3a445113febdfc0d7b58e2a6598ee5c7aa76a1b","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2026-05-20T10:49:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"1159c7e468ea288eb759afd9620561da21f320beddc4bbce9d0fc3f8d3a8c78b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.21014","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2605.21014","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:05:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2605.21014v1","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:05:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2605.21014","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:05:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NLSG65OM7AO2","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:05:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NLSG65OM7AO27F47","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:05:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NLSG65OM","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:05:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:47f03b916332444a8d48077dba507270ed93c9008cdba21f3b2b2e1792b528b3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:05:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2605.21014/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We report an optically modulated experimental realization of a photonic time crystal (PTC) in the microwave regime, demonstrating for the first time that the PTC exponential growth can overcome losses and finite-size constraints of a practical spatio-temporal system and yield stable positive terminal gain over a continuous broadband frequency range. The developed experimental platform is a purely time-modulated capacitor (TMC) microwave circuit based on a microstrip transmission line, in which synchronized optical modulation of reverse-biased photodiodes generates strong (94.5 %) temporal modu","authors_text":"Alexander V. Kildishev, Dimitrios Peroulis, Ludmila J. Prokopeva, Mordechai Segev, Thomas R. Jones","cross_cats":["physics.app-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2026-05-20T10:49:46Z","title":"Demonstration of Broadband Non-Resonant Time-Crystal Amplification in Microwaves"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2605.21014","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2e4b1b2927ffe2b93e7fc48138a669ccc4f37bad7d846f6cc3116d1d083a7a5c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-21T01:05:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"25312a8fd08885b2d8fd9e09e3a445113febdfc0d7b58e2a6598ee5c7aa76a1b","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.app-ph"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2026-05-20T10:49:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"1159c7e468ea288eb759afd9620561da21f320beddc4bbce9d0fc3f8d3a8c78b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2605.21014","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"6ae46f75ccf81daf979f616bbcf40ea8f9a1ec5ca790356c01c00f4c00b8fa9f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6ae46f75ccf81daf979f616bbcf40ea8f9a1ec5ca790356c01c00f4c00b8fa9f","first_computed_at":"2026-05-21T01:05:32.367075Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-21T01:05:32.367075Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"s8WXkYwCcjRGSBH0kzwL7QtC8dzjcpyz4xa4hZiU2Y+eoqVA2nbbEdvgLlw1iK8y4C/wfHROKeOmW8MltG5mBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-21T01:05:32.367897Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2605.21014","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2e4b1b2927ffe2b93e7fc48138a669ccc4f37bad7d846f6cc3116d1d083a7a5c","sha256:47f03b916332444a8d48077dba507270ed93c9008cdba21f3b2b2e1792b528b3"],"state_sha256":"fb1d7beb793ba7ceddec4e389a8d345ed3154695d03f75eba6e5ac4f02c20e55"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Gks/TKeBOsRj0W0lJQfa3l1npyVeXfmTBmoBeIsO2wFcXn+HrbqZiOyY1tc/SMBs0vJ9m0YgrSYod0ddf0dpCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-22T10:53:03.854584Z","bundle_sha256":"15b27b7c1686ec19fca26894f5b3b630bb86b08cba4c82eb88abe8aab806dc07"}}