{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1998:NM5P76PEVN2B7DMJCZHOYQHXID","short_pith_number":"pith:NM5P76PE","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"gr-qc/9812016","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"1998-12-04T18:06:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b9a61e62f5f69f31f9b891452691f2991358ac26f454ba1e47267e40c5005955","abstract_canon_sha256":"a6accb367fb7fcf11269310c81aacefa1533edfc846196fa22759b8153e8b471"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6b3afff9e4ab741f8d89164eec40f740ec3108c12ca0aae1adf06fd970c66e66","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"gr-qc/9812016","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"gr-qc/9812016","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:08:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"gr-qc/9812016v4","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:08:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.gr-qc/9812016","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:08:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NM5P76PEVN2B","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:08:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NM5P76PEVN2B7DMJ","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:08:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NM5P76PE","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:08:53Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1998:NM5P76PEVN2B7DMJCZHOYQHXID","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"gr-qc/9812016","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"1998-12-04T18:06:04Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"b9a61e62f5f69f31f9b891452691f2991358ac26f454ba1e47267e40c5005955","abstract_canon_sha256":"a6accb367fb7fcf11269310c81aacefa1533edfc846196fa22759b8153e8b471"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6b3afff9e4ab741f8d89164eec40f740ec3108c12ca0aae1adf06fd970c66e66","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:08:53.732252Z","signature_b64":"sEs/bSy/Sw0sWgGVvWLK+XZDm1M9PS+TA8rf8Lyko8rscd+Y6Z0jWUpyiW5AWnp4ClU1j++A5GU4WHDorrMUAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6b3afff9e4ab741f8d89164eec40f740ec3108c12ca0aae1adf06fd970c66e66","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:08:53.731869Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:08:53.731869Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"gr-qc/9812016","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:08:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"35gwhyEkLFdey4RqWwAtBSirpZmtw6TQEMG41TKt7fHbnU1OJd/we4cMpIMih7J5o4lb2MGIEzTywjEyYUXXAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T04:11:48.974940Z"},"content_sha256":"bb2ba109a460616e76baa4d5ecce1d170a9e4beea36e1a4173f00bf778c5e43e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bb2ba109a460616e76baa4d5ecce1d170a9e4beea36e1a4173f00bf778c5e43e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1998:NM5P76PEVN2B7DMJCZHOYQHXID","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Gravitational Scattering of Cosmic Strings by Non-Rotating Black Holes","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Jean-Pierre De Villiers, Valeri Frolov","submitted_at":"1998-12-04T18:06:04Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper discusses the gravitational scattering of a straight, infinitely long test cosmic string by a black hole. We present numerical results that probe the two-dimensional parameter space of impact parameter and initial velocity and compare them to approximate perturbative solutions derived previously. We analyze string scattering and loop formation in the ultra-relativistic regime and compare these results with analytical results for string scattering by a gravitational shock wave. Special attention is paid to regimes where the string approaches the black hole at near-critical impact par"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"gr-qc/9812016","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/gr-qc/9812016/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:08:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cZWWDcglneJAPKtQCtb0GLVK5eg+CoopzONTjCtGP+lNRuGC21nOxp6Kgvim5eCDmikuKpMyaFGxO1SNCG9PBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T04:11:48.975454Z"},"content_sha256":"c4e37c1750679a402675c8a39b6abf35de9e9607a2e740c40743f92ff0a04ff4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c4e37c1750679a402675c8a39b6abf35de9e9607a2e740c40743f92ff0a04ff4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NM5P76PEVN2B7DMJCZHOYQHXID/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NM5P76PEVN2B7DMJCZHOYQHXID/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NM5P76PEVN2B7DMJCZHOYQHXID/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-20T04:11:48Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NM5P76PEVN2B7DMJCZHOYQHXID","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NM5P76PEVN2B7DMJCZHOYQHXID/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NM5P76PEVN2B7DMJCZHOYQHXID/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NM5P76PEVN2B7DMJCZHOYQHXID/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1998:NM5P76PEVN2B7DMJCZHOYQHXID","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a6accb367fb7fcf11269310c81aacefa1533edfc846196fa22759b8153e8b471","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"1998-12-04T18:06:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"b9a61e62f5f69f31f9b891452691f2991358ac26f454ba1e47267e40c5005955"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"gr-qc/9812016","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"gr-qc/9812016","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:08:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"gr-qc/9812016v4","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:08:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.gr-qc/9812016","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:08:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NM5P76PEVN2B","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:08:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NM5P76PEVN2B7DMJ","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:08:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NM5P76PE","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:08:53Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:c4e37c1750679a402675c8a39b6abf35de9e9607a2e740c40743f92ff0a04ff4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:08:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/gr-qc/9812016/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This paper discusses the gravitational scattering of a straight, infinitely long test cosmic string by a black hole. We present numerical results that probe the two-dimensional parameter space of impact parameter and initial velocity and compare them to approximate perturbative solutions derived previously. We analyze string scattering and loop formation in the ultra-relativistic regime and compare these results with analytical results for string scattering by a gravitational shock wave. Special attention is paid to regimes where the string approaches the black hole at near-critical impact par","authors_text":"Jean-Pierre De Villiers, Valeri Frolov","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"1998-12-04T18:06:04Z","title":"Gravitational Scattering of Cosmic Strings by Non-Rotating Black Holes"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"gr-qc/9812016","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:bb2ba109a460616e76baa4d5ecce1d170a9e4beea36e1a4173f00bf778c5e43e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:08:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a6accb367fb7fcf11269310c81aacefa1533edfc846196fa22759b8153e8b471","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"1998-12-04T18:06:04Z","title_canon_sha256":"b9a61e62f5f69f31f9b891452691f2991358ac26f454ba1e47267e40c5005955"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"gr-qc/9812016","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"6b3afff9e4ab741f8d89164eec40f740ec3108c12ca0aae1adf06fd970c66e66","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6b3afff9e4ab741f8d89164eec40f740ec3108c12ca0aae1adf06fd970c66e66","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:08:53.731869Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:08:53.731869Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"sEs/bSy/Sw0sWgGVvWLK+XZDm1M9PS+TA8rf8Lyko8rscd+Y6Z0jWUpyiW5AWnp4ClU1j++A5GU4WHDorrMUAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:08:53.732252Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"gr-qc/9812016","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:bb2ba109a460616e76baa4d5ecce1d170a9e4beea36e1a4173f00bf778c5e43e","sha256:c4e37c1750679a402675c8a39b6abf35de9e9607a2e740c40743f92ff0a04ff4"],"state_sha256":"dfffa8b225fc8990ef02acc1f669cc1b2f039431826996b56a7092f746095d12"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7kt9FOR44/rplt7kVJKuihpZBTId2GAd4ZpK0HHknQ/9vDpw0Fg/iupTa8RSmuulGnH+PPlt+r4IVzh3uzPSAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T04:11:48.981585Z","bundle_sha256":"d4c2665bfff322327b1425508d6a6eafddf88a0a3a89846825855ad5d113ff6e"}}