{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:NMWQFYJKBGJQTZPIMO7Q5S7INX","short_pith_number":"pith:NMWQFYJK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2204.02654","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2022-04-06T08:13:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"5e7057ecb89824e5609db4bb90b266e8da03df51bea914f90a9e18891b4ee2cb","abstract_canon_sha256":"81ca3bce5286f5be0972f28e15bd1c760b708fbc17a56d5e7730a8cc7e44929e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6b2d02e12a099309e5e863bf0ecbe86dd61a6f795f205049847f94cbb4c5b0ba","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2204.02654","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2204.02654","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:25:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2204.02654v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:25:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2204.02654","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:25:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NMWQFYJKBGJQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:25:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NMWQFYJKBGJQTZPI","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:25:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NMWQFYJK","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:25:26Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:NMWQFYJKBGJQTZPIMO7Q5S7INX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2204.02654","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2022-04-06T08:13:20Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"5e7057ecb89824e5609db4bb90b266e8da03df51bea914f90a9e18891b4ee2cb","abstract_canon_sha256":"81ca3bce5286f5be0972f28e15bd1c760b708fbc17a56d5e7730a8cc7e44929e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6b2d02e12a099309e5e863bf0ecbe86dd61a6f795f205049847f94cbb4c5b0ba","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:25:26.217393Z","signature_b64":"OcAywMvNir5YsGQAOFXCCG+to5T+6IgKRxB32fCXXcen9aIS0GJiSZ4h6+u/xlpAPQqrDSPFbMAvBmdb2GZ5Ag==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6b2d02e12a099309e5e863bf0ecbe86dd61a6f795f205049847f94cbb4c5b0ba","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:25:26.216972Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:25:26.216972Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2204.02654","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:25:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ai7MHoyh0lDr3HWz3Tf3sKHkRE6aFNA8V/z3YpdhZyWIlKDBJ9lmX3PIuGvk8Vaw1r7yDAb8BhkgJlRmtireCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T17:55:14.645939Z"},"content_sha256":"f75815697b956893364c615a02c4fb2174265ffbd6ae72f5cc1de8818ee1c63c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f75815697b956893364c615a02c4fb2174265ffbd6ae72f5cc1de8818ee1c63c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:NMWQFYJKBGJQTZPIMO7Q5S7INX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Adversarial Analysis of the Differentially-Private Federated Learning in Cyber-Physical Critical Infrastructures","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.DC"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Haoting Shen, Hung La, Ibrahim Khalil, Md Tamjid Hossain, Shafkat Islam, Shahriar Badsha, Xun Yi","submitted_at":"2022-04-06T08:13:20Z","abstract_excerpt":"Federated Learning (FL) has become increasingly popular to perform data-driven analysis in cyber-physical critical infrastructures. Since the FL process may involve the client's confidential information, Differential Privacy (DP) has been proposed lately to secure it from adversarial inference. However, we find that while DP greatly alleviates the privacy concerns, the additional DP-noise opens a new threat for model poisoning in FL. Nonetheless, very little effort has been made in the literature to investigate this adversarial exploitation of the DP-noise. To overcome this gap, in this paper,"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2204.02654","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2204.02654/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:25:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0jJ1gFwRIEZfPj2gYS/n8J+RHooZrlHwFAHXo8D/RLYrUjpudYcFwur9kqGeOuJMv+mt+uJGrcwIBT+WtQ2lAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T17:55:14.646478Z"},"content_sha256":"2882af0f5a772be38fac9dd86b0ca4f58b16ba08a8586434083dd521df752ed9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2882af0f5a772be38fac9dd86b0ca4f58b16ba08a8586434083dd521df752ed9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NMWQFYJKBGJQTZPIMO7Q5S7INX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NMWQFYJKBGJQTZPIMO7Q5S7INX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NMWQFYJKBGJQTZPIMO7Q5S7INX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-21T17:55:14Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NMWQFYJKBGJQTZPIMO7Q5S7INX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NMWQFYJKBGJQTZPIMO7Q5S7INX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NMWQFYJKBGJQTZPIMO7Q5S7INX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NMWQFYJKBGJQTZPIMO7Q5S7INX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:NMWQFYJKBGJQTZPIMO7Q5S7INX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"81ca3bce5286f5be0972f28e15bd1c760b708fbc17a56d5e7730a8cc7e44929e","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2022-04-06T08:13:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"5e7057ecb89824e5609db4bb90b266e8da03df51bea914f90a9e18891b4ee2cb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2204.02654","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2204.02654","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:25:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2204.02654v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:25:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2204.02654","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:25:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NMWQFYJKBGJQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:25:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NMWQFYJKBGJQTZPI","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:25:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NMWQFYJK","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:25:26Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2882af0f5a772be38fac9dd86b0ca4f58b16ba08a8586434083dd521df752ed9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:25:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2204.02654/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Federated Learning (FL) has become increasingly popular to perform data-driven analysis in cyber-physical critical infrastructures. Since the FL process may involve the client's confidential information, Differential Privacy (DP) has been proposed lately to secure it from adversarial inference. However, we find that while DP greatly alleviates the privacy concerns, the additional DP-noise opens a new threat for model poisoning in FL. Nonetheless, very little effort has been made in the literature to investigate this adversarial exploitation of the DP-noise. To overcome this gap, in this paper,","authors_text":"Haoting Shen, Hung La, Ibrahim Khalil, Md Tamjid Hossain, Shafkat Islam, Shahriar Badsha, Xun Yi","cross_cats":["cs.DC"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2022-04-06T08:13:20Z","title":"Adversarial Analysis of the Differentially-Private Federated Learning in Cyber-Physical Critical Infrastructures"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2204.02654","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f75815697b956893364c615a02c4fb2174265ffbd6ae72f5cc1de8818ee1c63c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:25:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"81ca3bce5286f5be0972f28e15bd1c760b708fbc17a56d5e7730a8cc7e44929e","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2022-04-06T08:13:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"5e7057ecb89824e5609db4bb90b266e8da03df51bea914f90a9e18891b4ee2cb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2204.02654","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"6b2d02e12a099309e5e863bf0ecbe86dd61a6f795f205049847f94cbb4c5b0ba","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6b2d02e12a099309e5e863bf0ecbe86dd61a6f795f205049847f94cbb4c5b0ba","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:25:26.216972Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:25:26.216972Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"OcAywMvNir5YsGQAOFXCCG+to5T+6IgKRxB32fCXXcen9aIS0GJiSZ4h6+u/xlpAPQqrDSPFbMAvBmdb2GZ5Ag==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:25:26.217393Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2204.02654","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f75815697b956893364c615a02c4fb2174265ffbd6ae72f5cc1de8818ee1c63c","sha256:2882af0f5a772be38fac9dd86b0ca4f58b16ba08a8586434083dd521df752ed9"],"state_sha256":"aa848c1007555f9b43812d87e04030663e2121e0558d72edaacc4992f8e33841"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xV0SsVkMEzI/IOS3vT2ReNNT3/esAr88hGm7mBdVnOmz7JOSksPS4lyMIZHOVnFhUSv6P9VNSkhSAnlAOTcYCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T17:55:14.651659Z","bundle_sha256":"69fcf2ca95d46cff3cee602c691715f0a800547bb3fd3fc5b674be24d7bd5ffd"}}