{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:NN6CAMKIRKOSEDKBGE7AYRTOGV","short_pith_number":"pith:NN6CAMKI","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1101.6015","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2011-01-31T16:45:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.class-ph","physics.optics","physics.space-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"194285c4d667add57e701688ff01ff63693dfc206f8ad332458263f36f939dde","abstract_canon_sha256":"03551c31ad70f2fffb2e1a60b13188ec1839bd516f213329053a9315e8eea841"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6b7c2031488a9d220d41313e0c466e356c029ae4084499540fece8b1f18eb729","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1101.6015","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1101.6015","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:30:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1101.6015v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:30:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1101.6015","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:30:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NN6CAMKIRKOS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NN6CAMKIRKOSEDKB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NN6CAMKI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:NN6CAMKIRKOSEDKBGE7AYRTOGV","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1101.6015","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2011-01-31T16:45:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.class-ph","physics.optics","physics.space-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"194285c4d667add57e701688ff01ff63693dfc206f8ad332458263f36f939dde","abstract_canon_sha256":"03551c31ad70f2fffb2e1a60b13188ec1839bd516f213329053a9315e8eea841"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6b7c2031488a9d220d41313e0c466e356c029ae4084499540fece8b1f18eb729","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:30:24.439779Z","signature_b64":"duTbV6ck7SbkDMXnr00fWBDKbgJBR84TwySuk4SpNTl00xlDzzWrWRY9SXJgb66lnykuS7+ESS6Hvsq84yfoBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6b7c2031488a9d220d41313e0c466e356c029ae4084499540fece8b1f18eb729","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:30:24.439172Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:30:24.439172Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1101.6015","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:30:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Ab/eYD57Ry1C0WzMTNpwOXFJ7lhBTRiiRNaRBZGM6cRFLYtXWZIDYVNjo9a7BVf4Gp6MGX++eK4xuNow9t5yAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T16:50:57.038266Z"},"content_sha256":"c121b3f10b8e3e5d04294280375cbee8cab13831a8e2214134cd21fff80953a1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c121b3f10b8e3e5d04294280375cbee8cab13831a8e2214134cd21fff80953a1"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:NN6CAMKIRKOSEDKBGE7AYRTOGV","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Radio beam vorticity and orbital angular momentum","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.class-ph","physics.optics","physics.space-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","authors_text":"Bo Thid\\'e, Cesare Barbieri, Elettra Mari, Fabrizio Tamburini, Filippo Romanato","submitted_at":"2011-01-31T16:45:27Z","abstract_excerpt":"It has been known for a century that electromagnetic fields can transport not only energy and linear momentum but also angular momentum. However, it was not until twenty years ago, with the discovery in laser optics of experimental techniques for the generation, detection and manipulation of photons in well-defined, pure orbital angular momentum (OAM) states, that twisted light and its pertinent optical vorticity and phase singularities began to come into widespread use in science and technology. We have now shown experimentally how OAM and vorticity can be readily imparted onto radio beams. O"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1101.6015","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:30:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QEBUFQGW9AluUcvHuZU3/VxCDNGtQLGRhOtsQX11cpde+9AyZMsQgMAE8F8kXwAA0QVJaAy1ATfadyCV4pxqAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T16:50:57.038960Z"},"content_sha256":"86deabb200faf2cb4635cc829c8c4b95a5cc325653c0e40312b3b9beeb3291f1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:86deabb200faf2cb4635cc829c8c4b95a5cc325653c0e40312b3b9beeb3291f1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NN6CAMKIRKOSEDKBGE7AYRTOGV/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NN6CAMKIRKOSEDKBGE7AYRTOGV/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NN6CAMKIRKOSEDKBGE7AYRTOGV/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-06T16:50:57Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NN6CAMKIRKOSEDKBGE7AYRTOGV","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NN6CAMKIRKOSEDKBGE7AYRTOGV/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NN6CAMKIRKOSEDKBGE7AYRTOGV/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NN6CAMKIRKOSEDKBGE7AYRTOGV/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:NN6CAMKIRKOSEDKBGE7AYRTOGV","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"03551c31ad70f2fffb2e1a60b13188ec1839bd516f213329053a9315e8eea841","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.class-ph","physics.optics","physics.space-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2011-01-31T16:45:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"194285c4d667add57e701688ff01ff63693dfc206f8ad332458263f36f939dde"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1101.6015","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1101.6015","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:30:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1101.6015v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:30:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1101.6015","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:30:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NN6CAMKIRKOS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NN6CAMKIRKOSEDKB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NN6CAMKI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:86deabb200faf2cb4635cc829c8c4b95a5cc325653c0e40312b3b9beeb3291f1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:30:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"It has been known for a century that electromagnetic fields can transport not only energy and linear momentum but also angular momentum. However, it was not until twenty years ago, with the discovery in laser optics of experimental techniques for the generation, detection and manipulation of photons in well-defined, pure orbital angular momentum (OAM) states, that twisted light and its pertinent optical vorticity and phase singularities began to come into widespread use in science and technology. We have now shown experimentally how OAM and vorticity can be readily imparted onto radio beams. O","authors_text":"Bo Thid\\'e, Cesare Barbieri, Elettra Mari, Fabrizio Tamburini, Filippo Romanato","cross_cats":["physics.class-ph","physics.optics","physics.space-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2011-01-31T16:45:27Z","title":"Radio beam vorticity and orbital angular momentum"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1101.6015","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c121b3f10b8e3e5d04294280375cbee8cab13831a8e2214134cd21fff80953a1","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:30:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"03551c31ad70f2fffb2e1a60b13188ec1839bd516f213329053a9315e8eea841","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.class-ph","physics.optics","physics.space-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2011-01-31T16:45:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"194285c4d667add57e701688ff01ff63693dfc206f8ad332458263f36f939dde"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1101.6015","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"6b7c2031488a9d220d41313e0c466e356c029ae4084499540fece8b1f18eb729","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6b7c2031488a9d220d41313e0c466e356c029ae4084499540fece8b1f18eb729","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:30:24.439172Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:30:24.439172Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"duTbV6ck7SbkDMXnr00fWBDKbgJBR84TwySuk4SpNTl00xlDzzWrWRY9SXJgb66lnykuS7+ESS6Hvsq84yfoBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:30:24.439779Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1101.6015","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c121b3f10b8e3e5d04294280375cbee8cab13831a8e2214134cd21fff80953a1","sha256:86deabb200faf2cb4635cc829c8c4b95a5cc325653c0e40312b3b9beeb3291f1"],"state_sha256":"c8e5dd3a1e66385c68019da830d569f60cee6da1a2c720f269b5ef7bc199c194"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"h0oIuIXPy1TLwiCVMNGDTYUncCoPLhMgIm3U6Kkvf1FfhKvXfOt7NViaTdWkM7BRUmHqNJHR2gjvj5s27N0tCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T16:50:57.042741Z","bundle_sha256":"866b0c40a40a279356694e32409a1f25de4e8db340b24bde1e00b5de84c31a34"}}