{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:NO2EN4U2UQS3B7BDB3UM4NAHKB","short_pith_number":"pith:NO2EN4U2","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2208.14641","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-08-31T05:25:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"3afbdc5ab375e63c911e28a4bbd225dcee63542bdc80f62a73be3c021670be52","abstract_canon_sha256":"4244f476fdc9c1ecc8b077dc5a25faf120183d1bb63e33b30799744d09ea6182"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6bb446f29aa425b0fc230ee8ce3407504b1d5cc0185b493b0136f07e220e93e2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2208.14641","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2208.14641","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2208.14641v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2208.14641","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NO2EN4U2UQS3","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NO2EN4U2UQS3B7BD","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NO2EN4U2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:32Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:NO2EN4U2UQS3B7BDB3UM4NAHKB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2208.14641","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-08-31T05:25:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"3afbdc5ab375e63c911e28a4bbd225dcee63542bdc80f62a73be3c021670be52","abstract_canon_sha256":"4244f476fdc9c1ecc8b077dc5a25faf120183d1bb63e33b30799744d09ea6182"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6bb446f29aa425b0fc230ee8ce3407504b1d5cc0185b493b0136f07e220e93e2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:32.553588Z","signature_b64":"P52YSGcyzHrvUUJgZ4Qg2A0BG5fMavXKuIC99ohkSRrDtWeU03gdMeEihbinKoNnSlRbWpVFCr12x/Nhu0oGDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6bb446f29aa425b0fc230ee8ce3407504b1d5cc0185b493b0136f07e220e93e2","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:32.553226Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:32.553226Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2208.14641","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DS4jUnlKyRq3py2NV23mBJ2dgN1INPi826ZcJ39Wrarv196/cjfgE6VP4tOSVa4t1vbgtbqZUfNQK2IKDlwzCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T01:54:34.598961Z"},"content_sha256":"02be511461ff6b2faa3536e3c98ee3291813eea13757c55b7a383b589e1aa5a9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:02be511461ff6b2faa3536e3c98ee3291813eea13757c55b7a383b589e1aa5a9"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:NO2EN4U2UQS3B7BDB3UM4NAHKB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Generating Intermediate Steps for NLI with Next-Step Supervision","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Deepanway Ghosal, Monojit Choudhury, Somak Aditya","submitted_at":"2022-08-31T05:25:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"The Natural Language Inference (NLI) task often requires reasoning over multiple steps to reach the conclusion. While the necessity of generating such intermediate steps (instead of a summary explanation) has gained popular support, it is unclear how to generate such steps without complete end-to-end supervision and how such generated steps can be further utilized. In this work, we train a sequence-to-sequence model to generate only the next step given an NLI premise and hypothesis pair (and previous steps); then enhance it with external knowledge and symbolic search to generate intermediate s"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2208.14641","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2208.14641/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"JeqiEOKK/PaDC+3HUJecTzrYkD6bNgUv/oa3npVrkbsIZC/jIE8uN3i8MHnhXtYAdXg23aLayXopV3HMPpIjBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T01:54:34.599942Z"},"content_sha256":"088c39294688a16ffda2ccb6155b2fb6e58338fedd90b23f5c3fe3a008244237","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:088c39294688a16ffda2ccb6155b2fb6e58338fedd90b23f5c3fe3a008244237"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NO2EN4U2UQS3B7BDB3UM4NAHKB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NO2EN4U2UQS3B7BDB3UM4NAHKB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NO2EN4U2UQS3B7BDB3UM4NAHKB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-07T01:54:34Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NO2EN4U2UQS3B7BDB3UM4NAHKB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NO2EN4U2UQS3B7BDB3UM4NAHKB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NO2EN4U2UQS3B7BDB3UM4NAHKB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NO2EN4U2UQS3B7BDB3UM4NAHKB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:NO2EN4U2UQS3B7BDB3UM4NAHKB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4244f476fdc9c1ecc8b077dc5a25faf120183d1bb63e33b30799744d09ea6182","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-08-31T05:25:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"3afbdc5ab375e63c911e28a4bbd225dcee63542bdc80f62a73be3c021670be52"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2208.14641","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2208.14641","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2208.14641v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2208.14641","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NO2EN4U2UQS3","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NO2EN4U2UQS3B7BD","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NO2EN4U2","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:32Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:088c39294688a16ffda2ccb6155b2fb6e58338fedd90b23f5c3fe3a008244237","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2208.14641/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The Natural Language Inference (NLI) task often requires reasoning over multiple steps to reach the conclusion. While the necessity of generating such intermediate steps (instead of a summary explanation) has gained popular support, it is unclear how to generate such steps without complete end-to-end supervision and how such generated steps can be further utilized. In this work, we train a sequence-to-sequence model to generate only the next step given an NLI premise and hypothesis pair (and previous steps); then enhance it with external knowledge and symbolic search to generate intermediate s","authors_text":"Deepanway Ghosal, Monojit Choudhury, Somak Aditya","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-08-31T05:25:33Z","title":"Generating Intermediate Steps for NLI with Next-Step Supervision"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2208.14641","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:02be511461ff6b2faa3536e3c98ee3291813eea13757c55b7a383b589e1aa5a9","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4244f476fdc9c1ecc8b077dc5a25faf120183d1bb63e33b30799744d09ea6182","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2022-08-31T05:25:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"3afbdc5ab375e63c911e28a4bbd225dcee63542bdc80f62a73be3c021670be52"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2208.14641","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"6bb446f29aa425b0fc230ee8ce3407504b1d5cc0185b493b0136f07e220e93e2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6bb446f29aa425b0fc230ee8ce3407504b1d5cc0185b493b0136f07e220e93e2","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:32.553226Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:32.553226Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"P52YSGcyzHrvUUJgZ4Qg2A0BG5fMavXKuIC99ohkSRrDtWeU03gdMeEihbinKoNnSlRbWpVFCr12x/Nhu0oGDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T04:53:32.553588Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2208.14641","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:02be511461ff6b2faa3536e3c98ee3291813eea13757c55b7a383b589e1aa5a9","sha256:088c39294688a16ffda2ccb6155b2fb6e58338fedd90b23f5c3fe3a008244237"],"state_sha256":"07b124f4f18203273e57816e80f1551dee704345b5d069ae23f6eedaaf95258f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HB6nRI8LTDABUsTZdYD1PpFmB1Fq/ztfzia9xrjMV/F1TxaodzUBXQ7HfCfgbKWofyimiodnYY/sFhRRxseRBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T01:54:34.605439Z","bundle_sha256":"ff3e3392497ecbf7e883a4000def1d039d226e1d6be6b722a60c61c42d985f31"}}