{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:NONDPJN33OFCWHYSQSGQQJJ77S","short_pith_number":"pith:NONDPJN3","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2201.09563","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2022-01-24T10:08:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["eess.IV"],"title_canon_sha256":"4912b55aaf6a16b84ba684f692ce18e21cc07f5283aba23bf8c687d933547bfd","abstract_canon_sha256":"f879e6685b8030041581a898aa625f9f34014a2a9cd4bd48263a69f0a0a7bcc7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6b9a37a5bbdb8a2b1f12848d08253ffc8d732b4f87825114a42ebb3b9bc6e5ea","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2201.09563","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2201.09563","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2201.09563v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2201.09563","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NONDPJN33OFC","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NONDPJN33OFCWHYS","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NONDPJN3","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:58Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:NONDPJN33OFCWHYSQSGQQJJ77S","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2201.09563","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2022-01-24T10:08:07Z","cross_cats_sorted":["eess.IV"],"title_canon_sha256":"4912b55aaf6a16b84ba684f692ce18e21cc07f5283aba23bf8c687d933547bfd","abstract_canon_sha256":"f879e6685b8030041581a898aa625f9f34014a2a9cd4bd48263a69f0a0a7bcc7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6b9a37a5bbdb8a2b1f12848d08253ffc8d732b4f87825114a42ebb3b9bc6e5ea","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:58.656632Z","signature_b64":"PPN47ORR0nWlqmM0u9m1iXbLcgPxiyFnU8WtbCQ3E1zg7Cf6ZTIXrJe4voptgWR1mbGz/JqfzhIYEnhqMZqjAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6b9a37a5bbdb8a2b1f12848d08253ffc8d732b4f87825114a42ebb3b9bc6e5ea","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:58.656055Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:58.656055Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2201.09563","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kSaTNZ7bz2qMUurVYUk5NO1Tc1Xb+kKl06yLBHjSpN8G2vaDW0Sh76NfornCS9ZCGa7eWgWR9QSJY6PAqSjGBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T11:48:58.912183Z"},"content_sha256":"69ab12abb38a750bc222ca5d998c7feefd967f17c56386fe39eb6c9fe7868115","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:69ab12abb38a750bc222ca5d998c7feefd967f17c56386fe39eb6c9fe7868115"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:NONDPJN33OFCWHYSQSGQQJJ77S","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Debiasing pipeline improves deep learning model generalization for X-ray based lung nodule detection","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["eess.IV"],"primary_cat":"cs.CV","authors_text":"Biswajeet Pradhan, Hui Wen Loh, Jing Zhu, Manoranjan Paul, Michael Horry, Prabal Datta Barua, Subrata Chakraborty, U. Rajendra Arharya","submitted_at":"2022-01-24T10:08:07Z","abstract_excerpt":"Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and a good prognosis depends on early diagnosis. Unfortunately, screening programs for the early diagnosis of lung cancer are uncommon. This is in-part due to the at-risk groups being located in rural areas far from medical facilities. Reaching these populations would require a scaled approach that combines mobility, low cost, speed, accuracy, and privacy. We can resolve these issues by combining the chest X-ray imaging mode with a federated deep-learning approach, provided that the federated model is trained on homogenous data to ensu"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2201.09563","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2201.09563/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KqTVyWhpHc6Jlh+45dCxbms3+7vHLpT7K68ZBsdX0HLl2tPj0ywz8rRg9j/QKrtIrZ5jJYXUC6U3766VcdBxBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T11:48:58.913381Z"},"content_sha256":"55618bd2b4697407ff7866f8e14c30a1bda9b2edf8f5a9d2d2dfe5d0847f9a82","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:55618bd2b4697407ff7866f8e14c30a1bda9b2edf8f5a9d2d2dfe5d0847f9a82"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NONDPJN33OFCWHYSQSGQQJJ77S/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NONDPJN33OFCWHYSQSGQQJJ77S/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NONDPJN33OFCWHYSQSGQQJJ77S/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T11:48:58Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NONDPJN33OFCWHYSQSGQQJJ77S","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NONDPJN33OFCWHYSQSGQQJJ77S/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NONDPJN33OFCWHYSQSGQQJJ77S/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NONDPJN33OFCWHYSQSGQQJJ77S/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:NONDPJN33OFCWHYSQSGQQJJ77S","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f879e6685b8030041581a898aa625f9f34014a2a9cd4bd48263a69f0a0a7bcc7","cross_cats_sorted":["eess.IV"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2022-01-24T10:08:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"4912b55aaf6a16b84ba684f692ce18e21cc07f5283aba23bf8c687d933547bfd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2201.09563","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2201.09563","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2201.09563v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2201.09563","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NONDPJN33OFC","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NONDPJN33OFCWHYS","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NONDPJN3","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:55618bd2b4697407ff7866f8e14c30a1bda9b2edf8f5a9d2d2dfe5d0847f9a82","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2201.09563/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide and a good prognosis depends on early diagnosis. Unfortunately, screening programs for the early diagnosis of lung cancer are uncommon. This is in-part due to the at-risk groups being located in rural areas far from medical facilities. Reaching these populations would require a scaled approach that combines mobility, low cost, speed, accuracy, and privacy. We can resolve these issues by combining the chest X-ray imaging mode with a federated deep-learning approach, provided that the federated model is trained on homogenous data to ensu","authors_text":"Biswajeet Pradhan, Hui Wen Loh, Jing Zhu, Manoranjan Paul, Michael Horry, Prabal Datta Barua, Subrata Chakraborty, U. Rajendra Arharya","cross_cats":["eess.IV"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2022-01-24T10:08:07Z","title":"Debiasing pipeline improves deep learning model generalization for X-ray based lung nodule detection"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2201.09563","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:69ab12abb38a750bc222ca5d998c7feefd967f17c56386fe39eb6c9fe7868115","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f879e6685b8030041581a898aa625f9f34014a2a9cd4bd48263a69f0a0a7bcc7","cross_cats_sorted":["eess.IV"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CV","submitted_at":"2022-01-24T10:08:07Z","title_canon_sha256":"4912b55aaf6a16b84ba684f692ce18e21cc07f5283aba23bf8c687d933547bfd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2201.09563","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"6b9a37a5bbdb8a2b1f12848d08253ffc8d732b4f87825114a42ebb3b9bc6e5ea","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6b9a37a5bbdb8a2b1f12848d08253ffc8d732b4f87825114a42ebb3b9bc6e5ea","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:58.656055Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:58.656055Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"PPN47ORR0nWlqmM0u9m1iXbLcgPxiyFnU8WtbCQ3E1zg7Cf6ZTIXrJe4voptgWR1mbGz/JqfzhIYEnhqMZqjAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:50:58.656632Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2201.09563","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:69ab12abb38a750bc222ca5d998c7feefd967f17c56386fe39eb6c9fe7868115","sha256:55618bd2b4697407ff7866f8e14c30a1bda9b2edf8f5a9d2d2dfe5d0847f9a82"],"state_sha256":"7dd859cc83a11fd312dcf564e09d5928187a63df3c6ee2dd9c15204b2537e063"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gJX6RH37AAiTK72ICN6nCxwe4+jIsxO+cMZQRzlI9ZKW1Bco24tbAzdpuCD82slzwKkQG6tY7eST19ZdhbY/BA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T11:48:58.921452Z","bundle_sha256":"7f5f3481deb81429835ad914bb3b42ac58db74270657fe05bb4f217fd5cb3d31"}}