{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:NPNDNWUMA7E6NPOMNKR6DUEII6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"12b46e6da7c9862ea9610f6c906149fd8f0a477ac5e09c55e9973eea2b6fab5b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2014-10-20T10:12:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"505afcc1eadb000561de093c371cc124d7fc6725335583a7ea73cce00a52bd5e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1410.5219","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1410.5219","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1410.5219v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1410.5219","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NPNDNWUMA7E6","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NPNDNWUMA7E6NPOM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NPNDNWUM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:41Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2dfaede839632a36cbc286d6465ab2cd01b3309ba0bb751ebc494b20dca970fe","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We study bi-segment thermal rectifiers whose forward heat fluxes are greater than reverse counterparts. Presently, a shortcoming of thermal rectifiers is that the rectification ratio, namely the forward flux divided by the reverse flux, remains too small for practical applications. In this study, we have managed to discover and theoretically derive the ultimate limit of such ratios, which are validated by numerical simulations, experiments, and micro-scale Hamiltonian-oscillator analyses. For rectifiers whose thermal conductivities are linear with the temperature, this limit is simply a numeri","authors_text":"Guangcao Liu, Holger Merlitz, Patrick J. Pagni, Tien-Mo Shih, Zhaojing Gao, Zhong Chen, Ziquan Guo","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2014-10-20T10:12:25Z","title":"Maximal rectification ratios for bi-segment thermal rectifiers"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1410.5219","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5a079f66473690d92dd84dd346e5d8a6b5613efc64556de1563f68b5dccf6569","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"12b46e6da7c9862ea9610f6c906149fd8f0a477ac5e09c55e9973eea2b6fab5b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.comp-ph","submitted_at":"2014-10-20T10:12:25Z","title_canon_sha256":"505afcc1eadb000561de093c371cc124d7fc6725335583a7ea73cce00a52bd5e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1410.5219","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"6bda36da8c07c9e6bdcc6aa3e1d08847a5901cd70cfa51875c7208e6e764d992","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6bda36da8c07c9e6bdcc6aa3e1d08847a5901cd70cfa51875c7208e6e764d992","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:46.577727Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:46.577727Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"4HNIuKzVH846y5A/ENa+cJtwFgn7AT6GiZWgrILDkhn5PeV18NhAMax+EXnZ/2lhmV530+W+w4hO+BAxFV4NDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:39:46.578197Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1410.5219","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5a079f66473690d92dd84dd346e5d8a6b5613efc64556de1563f68b5dccf6569","sha256:2dfaede839632a36cbc286d6465ab2cd01b3309ba0bb751ebc494b20dca970fe"],"state_sha256":"461e3b1e75dc45c0fd4962e7a4837be079326889a0c22d0e9c52ec7cece25abe"}