{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2016:NQ2T6KCMT2BGLBN74G2PQEJVXB","short_pith_number":"pith:NQ2T6KCM","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"6c353f284c9e826585bfe1b4f81135b8557633ef57545e4e00e4cf491ef949e1","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1609.02312","version":3},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Charting the Parameter Space of the Global 21-cm Signal","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Anastasia Fialkov, Aviad Cohen, Matan Lotem, Rennan Barkana","submitted_at":"2016-09-08T08:03:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"The early star-forming Universe is still poorly constrained, with the properties of high-redshift stars, the first heating sources, and reionization highly uncertain. This leaves observers planning 21-cm experiments with little theoretical guidance. In this work we explore the possible range of high-redshift parameters including the star formation efficiency and the minimal mass of star-forming halos; the efficiency, spectral energy distribution, and redshift evolution of the first X-ray sources; and the history of reionization. These parameters are only weakly constrained by available observa"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1609.02312","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2016-09-08T08:03:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"dbb7922177e13edcb53b03d3a438b1a9ecfdd5f5b2b9184bd6cf9e64b2fcc740","abstract_canon_sha256":"207558653a3b8995e9bc6e8b3265c148d43853690508d4fb4da4fa768099a983"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:37:48.298034Z","signature_b64":"vuE7JRqrdM1abRYNavxrqQrrDMMCTAabK61cufBG0sZJe2cS4G1ZH3c9T+O9NDits3L2CHX31i+sjPIz3PG+Dw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6c353f284c9e826585bfe1b4f81135b8557633ef57545e4e00e4cf491ef949e1","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:37:48.297566Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:37:48.297566Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Charting the Parameter Space of the Global 21-cm Signal","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Anastasia Fialkov, Aviad Cohen, Matan Lotem, Rennan Barkana","submitted_at":"2016-09-08T08:03:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"The early star-forming Universe is still poorly constrained, with the properties of high-redshift stars, the first heating sources, and reionization highly uncertain. This leaves observers planning 21-cm experiments with little theoretical guidance. In this work we explore the possible range of high-redshift parameters including the star formation efficiency and the minimal mass of star-forming halos; the efficiency, spectral energy distribution, and redshift evolution of the first X-ray sources; and the history of reionization. These parameters are only weakly constrained by available observa"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1609.02312","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1609.02312","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:37:48.297634+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1609.02312v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:37:48.297634+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1609.02312","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:37:48.297634+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NQ2T6KCMT2BG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:36.002864+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NQ2T6KCMT2BGLBN7","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:36.002864+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NQ2T6KCM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:36.002864+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":1,"internal_anchor_count":1,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2605.22400","citing_title":"STARFIRE-2: Can we detect the global redshifted 21-cm signal from the cosmic dawn in Earth orbit?","ref_index":38,"is_internal_anchor":true}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/NQ2T6KCMT2BGLBN74G2PQEJVXB","json":"https://pith.science/pith/NQ2T6KCMT2BGLBN74G2PQEJVXB.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/NQ2T6KCMT2BGLBN74G2PQEJVXB/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/NQ2T6KCMT2BGLBN74G2PQEJVXB/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/NQ2T6KCM"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/NQ2T6KCMT2BGLBN74G2PQEJVXB","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/NQ2T6KCMT2BGLBN74G2PQEJVXB.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/NQ2T6KCM","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1609.02312&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/NQ2T6KCMT2BGLBN74G2PQEJVXB/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/NQ2T6KCMT2BGLBN74G2PQEJVXB/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/NQ2T6KCMT2BGLBN74G2PQEJVXB/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/NQ2T6KCMT2BGLBN74G2PQEJVXB/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/NQ2T6KCMT2BGLBN74G2PQEJVXB/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/NQ2T6KCMT2BGLBN74G2PQEJVXB/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/NQ2T6KCMT2BGLBN74G2PQEJVXB/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:37:48.297634+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T00:37:48.297634+00:00"}