{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:NQBEU3XAIVZOVO2J3YJ65EWKQ2","short_pith_number":"pith:NQBEU3XA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1808.09966","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2018-08-29T18:00:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"438c2d9e25f729c63764adacbd5810c22a334c13f2cebc5e3ddb255772a361d6","abstract_canon_sha256":"5d60e6347daf9d29f73f0c23e079f2d4a79494dc4329efbfdbefc65ef368267c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6c024a6ee04572eabb49de13ee92ca868657496f8741801eb5a1f1b2a0bc6268","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1808.09966","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1808.09966","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1808.09966v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1808.09966","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NQBEU3XAIVZO","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NQBEU3XAIVZOVO2J","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NQBEU3XA","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:35Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:NQBEU3XAIVZOVO2J3YJ65EWKQ2","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1808.09966","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2018-08-29T18:00:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"438c2d9e25f729c63764adacbd5810c22a334c13f2cebc5e3ddb255772a361d6","abstract_canon_sha256":"5d60e6347daf9d29f73f0c23e079f2d4a79494dc4329efbfdbefc65ef368267c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6c024a6ee04572eabb49de13ee92ca868657496f8741801eb5a1f1b2a0bc6268","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:35.709911Z","signature_b64":"RzmRVuKnahz0YDTWqpoATGJwQpR5YJLapAEZHaVbYBAQIQHVIhN+uc4lNMCuXh5BXIuN8e1l9xZL3g8lcG45DA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6c024a6ee04572eabb49de13ee92ca868657496f8741801eb5a1f1b2a0bc6268","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:35.709485Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:35.709485Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1808.09966","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zKrfOGUUXQCQga7vGFJiSdPKm4qnayyX2ZYSebLktlvXywaas2T7cxrV8Vz4kCxUk2UQwoEAXs0r3xepA8AqBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T21:03:24.794561Z"},"content_sha256":"bc4fb0cd10ecdbadc1f9040ea2927180bc4ec765c4e4a744179390c5624da250","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:bc4fb0cd10ecdbadc1f9040ea2927180bc4ec765c4e4a744179390c5624da250"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:NQBEU3XAIVZOVO2J3YJ65EWKQ2","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Photon Masses in the Landscape and the Swampland","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Matthew Reece","submitted_at":"2018-08-29T18:00:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"In effective quantum field theory, a spin-1 vector boson can have a technically natural small mass that does not originate from the Higgs mechanism. For such theories, which may be written in St\\\"uckelberg form, there is no point in field space at which the mass is exactly zero. I argue that quantum gravity differs from, and constrains, effective field theory: arbitrarily small St\\\"uckelberg masses are forbidden. In particular, the limit in which the mass goes to zero lies at infinite distance in field space, and this distance is correlated with a tower of modes becoming light according to the"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1808.09966","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1808.09966/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:35Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"RJ9odmQPyxErk6/CtViDIPafuxyL2TWMlhuP2kPTjMoXhoOgqQNF60r/RunoDzUN956m9xV16VcuhTsqS1EwBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T21:03:24.795130Z"},"content_sha256":"88960a3830e610b99421c266465b36bd985cd087647f18ba386d19b2e48393a9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:88960a3830e610b99421c266465b36bd985cd087647f18ba386d19b2e48393a9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NQBEU3XAIVZOVO2J3YJ65EWKQ2/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NQBEU3XAIVZOVO2J3YJ65EWKQ2/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NQBEU3XAIVZOVO2J3YJ65EWKQ2/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-07T21:03:24Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NQBEU3XAIVZOVO2J3YJ65EWKQ2","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NQBEU3XAIVZOVO2J3YJ65EWKQ2/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NQBEU3XAIVZOVO2J3YJ65EWKQ2/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NQBEU3XAIVZOVO2J3YJ65EWKQ2/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:NQBEU3XAIVZOVO2J3YJ65EWKQ2","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5d60e6347daf9d29f73f0c23e079f2d4a79494dc4329efbfdbefc65ef368267c","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2018-08-29T18:00:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"438c2d9e25f729c63764adacbd5810c22a334c13f2cebc5e3ddb255772a361d6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1808.09966","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1808.09966","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1808.09966v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1808.09966","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NQBEU3XAIVZO","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NQBEU3XAIVZOVO2J","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:35Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NQBEU3XA","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:35Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:88960a3830e610b99421c266465b36bd985cd087647f18ba386d19b2e48393a9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1808.09966/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In effective quantum field theory, a spin-1 vector boson can have a technically natural small mass that does not originate from the Higgs mechanism. For such theories, which may be written in St\\\"uckelberg form, there is no point in field space at which the mass is exactly zero. I argue that quantum gravity differs from, and constrains, effective field theory: arbitrarily small St\\\"uckelberg masses are forbidden. In particular, the limit in which the mass goes to zero lies at infinite distance in field space, and this distance is correlated with a tower of modes becoming light according to the","authors_text":"Matthew Reece","cross_cats":["hep-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2018-08-29T18:00:01Z","title":"Photon Masses in the Landscape and the Swampland"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1808.09966","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:bc4fb0cd10ecdbadc1f9040ea2927180bc4ec765c4e4a744179390c5624da250","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:35Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"5d60e6347daf9d29f73f0c23e079f2d4a79494dc4329efbfdbefc65ef368267c","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2018-08-29T18:00:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"438c2d9e25f729c63764adacbd5810c22a334c13f2cebc5e3ddb255772a361d6"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1808.09966","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"6c024a6ee04572eabb49de13ee92ca868657496f8741801eb5a1f1b2a0bc6268","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6c024a6ee04572eabb49de13ee92ca868657496f8741801eb5a1f1b2a0bc6268","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:35.709485Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:35.709485Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"RzmRVuKnahz0YDTWqpoATGJwQpR5YJLapAEZHaVbYBAQIQHVIhN+uc4lNMCuXh5BXIuN8e1l9xZL3g8lcG45DA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T23:51:35.709911Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1808.09966","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:bc4fb0cd10ecdbadc1f9040ea2927180bc4ec765c4e4a744179390c5624da250","sha256:88960a3830e610b99421c266465b36bd985cd087647f18ba386d19b2e48393a9"],"state_sha256":"1d4f0e1fd3af68dbe54ae9a6c2fd7bdc816e5ece67690a43bfe416a5a15e5b1b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"x31QyWHb5wB6NXsWirAMgU3lv9r33Xc58hO1fMyZcOtvy+ZbFaxh2RFe4CxWIjGIqkUPiXAgVc1NK9IpxuegAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T21:03:24.799270Z","bundle_sha256":"b591d09a16291e6863894a92d56858d25cb0cea5574c8313f5c79c9e75f2ec1e"}}