{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:NQDRP3SPGUR3KHHF3IWVIXZBSP","short_pith_number":"pith:NQDRP3SP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1811.04486","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-11-11T21:38:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":["nlin.CD","physics.ao-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"560e301863d1faaca03a0c45c8335c57d9af62c2dbca24812ce5a1351ca9b0d7","abstract_canon_sha256":"29a8c5c9ee557f2d8d83956a1d858daea0b84cf95f23de3a362e63f24e4e8cea"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6c0717ee4f3523b51ce5da2d545f2193c22988a33f4c2cb78bfa3a5c08ce150a","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1811.04486","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1811.04486","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1811.04486v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.04486","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NQDRP3SPGUR3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NQDRP3SPGUR3KHHF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NQDRP3SP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:40Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:NQDRP3SPGUR3KHHF3IWVIXZBSP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1811.04486","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-11-11T21:38:56Z","cross_cats_sorted":["nlin.CD","physics.ao-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"560e301863d1faaca03a0c45c8335c57d9af62c2dbca24812ce5a1351ca9b0d7","abstract_canon_sha256":"29a8c5c9ee557f2d8d83956a1d858daea0b84cf95f23de3a362e63f24e4e8cea"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6c0717ee4f3523b51ce5da2d545f2193c22988a33f4c2cb78bfa3a5c08ce150a","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:45.729524Z","signature_b64":"lZvsAaVvluS8eMg/w/ta4DsSnoHX/XsOqwos1BVMX8IftqwTqexbtVqbI1XWraPbqQnTATxoTT5iYAMEKVPcCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6c0717ee4f3523b51ce5da2d545f2193c22988a33f4c2cb78bfa3a5c08ce150a","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:45.729026Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:45.729026Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1811.04486","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uAWyLaqLX1LDippdVjq8ZTjZMlSIA5TKBKz7JMSdack+EBOQa5gKH83CJ7bg9YnNgsZzsRXjWiRFYMtWpikCBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-22T23:00:49.647261Z"},"content_sha256":"a3612f3945bfd5ad843f5501979ed6cc40b5728fdedd4c6145ad2c82c74e506f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a3612f3945bfd5ad843f5501979ed6cc40b5728fdedd4c6145ad2c82c74e506f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:NQDRP3SPGUR3KHHF3IWVIXZBSP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Understanding droplet collisions through a model flow: Insights from a Burgers vortex","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["nlin.CD","physics.ao-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Jason R. Picardo, Lokahith Agasthya, Rama Govindarajan, Samriddhi Sankar Ray, S. Ravichandran","submitted_at":"2018-11-11T21:38:56Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the role of intense vortical structures, similar to those in a turbulent flow, in enhancing collisions (and coalescences) which lead to the formation of large aggregates in particle-laden flows. By using a Burgers vortex model, we show, in particular, that vortex stretching significantly enhances sharp inhomogeneities in spatial particle densities, related to the rapid ejection of particles from intense vortices. Furthermore our work shows how such spatial clustering leads to an enhancement of collision rates and extreme statistics of collisional velocities. We also study the ro"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1811.04486","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:45Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"whWkct2gtXxIB3BqC8Wn9WpHKQZ9iUpGVwR5q/WAFQzvWn0dnOYXh9WGQXkBfTIqzZ3zIm8WBh4CX1/AlATlAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-22T23:00:49.647626Z"},"content_sha256":"9df8722be7c73ae10198773fdb033ad3792052dfb517b0f4812aa001a0d5d96f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9df8722be7c73ae10198773fdb033ad3792052dfb517b0f4812aa001a0d5d96f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NQDRP3SPGUR3KHHF3IWVIXZBSP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NQDRP3SPGUR3KHHF3IWVIXZBSP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NQDRP3SPGUR3KHHF3IWVIXZBSP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-22T23:00:49Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NQDRP3SPGUR3KHHF3IWVIXZBSP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NQDRP3SPGUR3KHHF3IWVIXZBSP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NQDRP3SPGUR3KHHF3IWVIXZBSP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NQDRP3SPGUR3KHHF3IWVIXZBSP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:NQDRP3SPGUR3KHHF3IWVIXZBSP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"29a8c5c9ee557f2d8d83956a1d858daea0b84cf95f23de3a362e63f24e4e8cea","cross_cats_sorted":["nlin.CD","physics.ao-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-11-11T21:38:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"560e301863d1faaca03a0c45c8335c57d9af62c2dbca24812ce5a1351ca9b0d7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1811.04486","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1811.04486","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1811.04486v2","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1811.04486","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:45Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NQDRP3SPGUR3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NQDRP3SPGUR3KHHF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NQDRP3SP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:40Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9df8722be7c73ae10198773fdb033ad3792052dfb517b0f4812aa001a0d5d96f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the role of intense vortical structures, similar to those in a turbulent flow, in enhancing collisions (and coalescences) which lead to the formation of large aggregates in particle-laden flows. By using a Burgers vortex model, we show, in particular, that vortex stretching significantly enhances sharp inhomogeneities in spatial particle densities, related to the rapid ejection of particles from intense vortices. Furthermore our work shows how such spatial clustering leads to an enhancement of collision rates and extreme statistics of collisional velocities. We also study the ro","authors_text":"Jason R. Picardo, Lokahith Agasthya, Rama Govindarajan, Samriddhi Sankar Ray, S. Ravichandran","cross_cats":["nlin.CD","physics.ao-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-11-11T21:38:56Z","title":"Understanding droplet collisions through a model flow: Insights from a Burgers vortex"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1811.04486","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a3612f3945bfd5ad843f5501979ed6cc40b5728fdedd4c6145ad2c82c74e506f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:45Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"29a8c5c9ee557f2d8d83956a1d858daea0b84cf95f23de3a362e63f24e4e8cea","cross_cats_sorted":["nlin.CD","physics.ao-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-11-11T21:38:56Z","title_canon_sha256":"560e301863d1faaca03a0c45c8335c57d9af62c2dbca24812ce5a1351ca9b0d7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1811.04486","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"6c0717ee4f3523b51ce5da2d545f2193c22988a33f4c2cb78bfa3a5c08ce150a","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6c0717ee4f3523b51ce5da2d545f2193c22988a33f4c2cb78bfa3a5c08ce150a","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:45.729026Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:45.729026Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"lZvsAaVvluS8eMg/w/ta4DsSnoHX/XsOqwos1BVMX8IftqwTqexbtVqbI1XWraPbqQnTATxoTT5iYAMEKVPcCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:41:45.729524Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1811.04486","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a3612f3945bfd5ad843f5501979ed6cc40b5728fdedd4c6145ad2c82c74e506f","sha256:9df8722be7c73ae10198773fdb033ad3792052dfb517b0f4812aa001a0d5d96f"],"state_sha256":"5e0357aef5d8f266fb8ef09552e3bc72399d3e407914be5acd366cf93dd8ffaa"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iHrJQJOJvnM4qQM1C5wQYqzs5ODt4+opVQspM+dVRgpSRnLmQhytkCku1kzhHM5pdWQ6jS3nIsxznxDzi1Y6Bw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-22T23:00:49.649927Z","bundle_sha256":"edecd85872af8e63966a5f5c839c1f57fdc3b8defa0d664cca7f40454e7d8853"}}