{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:NQHWKLQQYHZ5TPYJHF73YH7BYS","short_pith_number":"pith:NQHWKLQQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1503.04646","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","submitted_at":"2015-03-16T13:49:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4baab4dd8845c4554eee6f7451838ee99c234047bbdf77ef2badd8c0e06d4d06","abstract_canon_sha256":"381d8bd19fc00ecbce5ef6c1acf75102a684e803e6ad04121293a52e9aea27c0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6c0f652e10c1f3d9bf09397fbc1fe1c4a669826d3daea838e8c24916b7a172e6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1503.04646","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1503.04646","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1503.04646v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1503.04646","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NQHWKLQQYHZ5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NQHWKLQQYHZ5TPYJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NQHWKLQQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:34Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:NQHWKLQQYHZ5TPYJHF73YH7BYS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1503.04646","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","submitted_at":"2015-03-16T13:49:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4baab4dd8845c4554eee6f7451838ee99c234047bbdf77ef2badd8c0e06d4d06","abstract_canon_sha256":"381d8bd19fc00ecbce5ef6c1acf75102a684e803e6ad04121293a52e9aea27c0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6c0f652e10c1f3d9bf09397fbc1fe1c4a669826d3daea838e8c24916b7a172e6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:01.751368Z","signature_b64":"nmpDWjW8QVLbCijRkxSlF8BaU4dXKOUlkyL6LcOnEYGyuTDceWQ8NuHqYtRW8FB6jFFl7055NCX7kKltW1pdDA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6c0f652e10c1f3d9bf09397fbc1fe1c4a669826d3daea838e8c24916b7a172e6","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:01.750864Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:01.750864Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1503.04646","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nRaAy8+SNT84gMZchrsL122e8JSe5k3nDQnMj6dNRnQtpzTJ2EfbLh2qygVSqfMh4mqp6xxaCNFKlduzxiUkDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T18:36:47.971486Z"},"content_sha256":"9e5c39a0e7b3daa50c9944875cb98b0d962b9333a37462447418cdad8461fcb5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9e5c39a0e7b3daa50c9944875cb98b0d962b9333a37462447418cdad8461fcb5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:NQHWKLQQYHZ5TPYJHF73YH7BYS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Propagation of numerical noise in particle-in-cell tracking","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","authors_text":"Frederik Kesting, Giuliano Franchetti","submitted_at":"2015-03-16T13:49:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"Particle-in-cell (PIC) is the most used algorithm to perform self-consistent tracking of intense charged particle beams. It is based on depositing macro-particles on a grid, and subsequently solving on it the Poisson equation. It is well known that PIC algorithms occupy intrinsic limitations as they introduce numerical noise. Although not significant for short-term tracking, this becomes important in simulations for circular machines over millions of turns as it may induce artificial diffusion of the beam.\n  In this work, we present a modeling of numerical noise induced by PIC algorithms, and "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1503.04646","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"udhHfQx+rhHQo+wqEl5UE/T67cmBjJxDySVbzgupY8/5YNlAqfp+3OP1+j1wUaMwiPdbZ4bPgPKnHqvR/BXoCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T18:36:47.972168Z"},"content_sha256":"313cda5777c334468e4fadadde5d201899f4bf7ca6f0d952895fe8520fff65b0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:313cda5777c334468e4fadadde5d201899f4bf7ca6f0d952895fe8520fff65b0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NQHWKLQQYHZ5TPYJHF73YH7BYS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NQHWKLQQYHZ5TPYJHF73YH7BYS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NQHWKLQQYHZ5TPYJHF73YH7BYS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-07T18:36:47Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NQHWKLQQYHZ5TPYJHF73YH7BYS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NQHWKLQQYHZ5TPYJHF73YH7BYS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NQHWKLQQYHZ5TPYJHF73YH7BYS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NQHWKLQQYHZ5TPYJHF73YH7BYS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:NQHWKLQQYHZ5TPYJHF73YH7BYS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"381d8bd19fc00ecbce5ef6c1acf75102a684e803e6ad04121293a52e9aea27c0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","submitted_at":"2015-03-16T13:49:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"4baab4dd8845c4554eee6f7451838ee99c234047bbdf77ef2badd8c0e06d4d06"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1503.04646","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1503.04646","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1503.04646v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1503.04646","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NQHWKLQQYHZ5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NQHWKLQQYHZ5TPYJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NQHWKLQQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:34Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:313cda5777c334468e4fadadde5d201899f4bf7ca6f0d952895fe8520fff65b0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Particle-in-cell (PIC) is the most used algorithm to perform self-consistent tracking of intense charged particle beams. It is based on depositing macro-particles on a grid, and subsequently solving on it the Poisson equation. It is well known that PIC algorithms occupy intrinsic limitations as they introduce numerical noise. Although not significant for short-term tracking, this becomes important in simulations for circular machines over millions of turns as it may induce artificial diffusion of the beam.\n  In this work, we present a modeling of numerical noise induced by PIC algorithms, and ","authors_text":"Frederik Kesting, Giuliano Franchetti","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","submitted_at":"2015-03-16T13:49:02Z","title":"Propagation of numerical noise in particle-in-cell tracking"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1503.04646","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9e5c39a0e7b3daa50c9944875cb98b0d962b9333a37462447418cdad8461fcb5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"381d8bd19fc00ecbce5ef6c1acf75102a684e803e6ad04121293a52e9aea27c0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.acc-ph","submitted_at":"2015-03-16T13:49:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"4baab4dd8845c4554eee6f7451838ee99c234047bbdf77ef2badd8c0e06d4d06"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1503.04646","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"6c0f652e10c1f3d9bf09397fbc1fe1c4a669826d3daea838e8c24916b7a172e6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6c0f652e10c1f3d9bf09397fbc1fe1c4a669826d3daea838e8c24916b7a172e6","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:01.750864Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:01.750864Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"nmpDWjW8QVLbCijRkxSlF8BaU4dXKOUlkyL6LcOnEYGyuTDceWQ8NuHqYtRW8FB6jFFl7055NCX7kKltW1pdDA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:22:01.751368Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1503.04646","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9e5c39a0e7b3daa50c9944875cb98b0d962b9333a37462447418cdad8461fcb5","sha256:313cda5777c334468e4fadadde5d201899f4bf7ca6f0d952895fe8520fff65b0"],"state_sha256":"952ae298b1a306b2963b84a3884e3858875622c99c6f58837fdb6b8acfcd63f3"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qGeMHRPo3wDKcgE3fY4M7z+95EoQxELOWxfF/lvhnbPBCjtfTbQvzGzjMsxW/7uWDZGmcM0B/djsTLN+zTPoCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T18:36:47.975808Z","bundle_sha256":"58a2e98315d58af3808869052983e966fa3ffcb583dd43421fadb3a882356713"}}