{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:NQKBLXNGEN24A6BZQ52ZF77UP5","short_pith_number":"pith:NQKBLXNG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2404.14220","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2024-04-22T14:32:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.mtrl-sci","physics.app-ph","physics.ins-det"],"title_canon_sha256":"4ecdb56c440023e5a577bba341f2aa3308c5f9e69508e35eaefbf5ea8361c7f0","abstract_canon_sha256":"3de19ac9f703115daec4e027e5ab111fac45bdff7334df59026379de2cc2636d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6c1415dda62375c07839877592fff47f71cc8eececb80ee9dc8d8aa5a9b8c2b4","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2404.14220","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2404.14220","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:10:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2404.14220v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:10:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2404.14220","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:10:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NQKBLXNGEN24","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:10:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NQKBLXNGEN24A6BZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:10:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NQKBLXNG","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:10:43Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:NQKBLXNGEN24A6BZQ52ZF77UP5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2404.14220","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2024-04-22T14:32:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.mtrl-sci","physics.app-ph","physics.ins-det"],"title_canon_sha256":"4ecdb56c440023e5a577bba341f2aa3308c5f9e69508e35eaefbf5ea8361c7f0","abstract_canon_sha256":"3de19ac9f703115daec4e027e5ab111fac45bdff7334df59026379de2cc2636d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6c1415dda62375c07839877592fff47f71cc8eececb80ee9dc8d8aa5a9b8c2b4","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:10:43.928806Z","signature_b64":"vVmbFI5+P3OZxz7YGjZjoQ/GHFKxFea56Nyf4wD5FKdnZ1sVrf4YXGmS0B5OBkJt5ISlVuxfgMwpXgPmxCL7Bw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6c1415dda62375c07839877592fff47f71cc8eececb80ee9dc8d8aa5a9b8c2b4","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:10:43.928362Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:10:43.928362Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2404.14220","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:10:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nQhAZfeErTid0uqJ/NyhswympB9h5lsGHKTOUi1EAH0i52kfxOjn3JCo2kOtUJ5qXfxt+ZS5zCCB+uWl9KR/Dw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T22:09:34.498752Z"},"content_sha256":"282d2153bf8a2e24e268e1a62515d51b4ba8b27b35a2246610d9a4ff8d894cd7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:282d2153bf8a2e24e268e1a62515d51b4ba8b27b35a2246610d9a4ff8d894cd7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:NQKBLXNGEN24A6BZQ52ZF77UP5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Robust electrothermal switching of optical phase change materials through computer-aided adaptive pulse optimization","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.mtrl-sci","physics.app-ph","physics.ins-det"],"primary_cat":"physics.optics","authors_text":"Cosmin Constantin Popescu, Hyun Jung Kim, Juejun Hu, Kathleen Richardson, Kiumars Aryana, Parth Garud, Rashi Sharma, Steven Vitale, Tian Gu","submitted_at":"2024-04-22T14:32:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"Electrically tunable optical devices present diverse functionalities for manipulating electromagnetic waves by leveraging elements capable of reversibly switching between different optical states. This adaptability in adjusting their responses to electromagnetic waves after fabrication is crucial for developing more efficient and compact optical systems for a broad range of applications including sensing, imaging, telecommunications, and data storage. Chalcogenide-based phase change materials (PCMs) have shown great promise due to their stable, non-volatile phase transition between amorphous a"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2404.14220","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2404.14220/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:10:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UcKZGekfDxp7djFc+eLNXfq8+ne1cGCH7yicHqulmxvjUye/5krm419Zy5ihFNRD5lLOMIQvJNp1b61vwJn9CQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T22:09:34.499290Z"},"content_sha256":"80998fa6fc73f31334ab6545b529a05fb6f5043d4b8b06d026c4b6af829484c4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:80998fa6fc73f31334ab6545b529a05fb6f5043d4b8b06d026c4b6af829484c4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NQKBLXNGEN24A6BZQ52ZF77UP5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NQKBLXNGEN24A6BZQ52ZF77UP5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NQKBLXNGEN24A6BZQ52ZF77UP5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-18T22:09:34Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NQKBLXNGEN24A6BZQ52ZF77UP5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NQKBLXNGEN24A6BZQ52ZF77UP5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NQKBLXNGEN24A6BZQ52ZF77UP5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NQKBLXNGEN24A6BZQ52ZF77UP5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:NQKBLXNGEN24A6BZQ52ZF77UP5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3de19ac9f703115daec4e027e5ab111fac45bdff7334df59026379de2cc2636d","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.mtrl-sci","physics.app-ph","physics.ins-det"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2024-04-22T14:32:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"4ecdb56c440023e5a577bba341f2aa3308c5f9e69508e35eaefbf5ea8361c7f0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2404.14220","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2404.14220","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:10:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2404.14220v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:10:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2404.14220","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:10:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NQKBLXNGEN24","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:10:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NQKBLXNGEN24A6BZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:10:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NQKBLXNG","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:10:43Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:80998fa6fc73f31334ab6545b529a05fb6f5043d4b8b06d026c4b6af829484c4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:10:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2404.14220/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Electrically tunable optical devices present diverse functionalities for manipulating electromagnetic waves by leveraging elements capable of reversibly switching between different optical states. This adaptability in adjusting their responses to electromagnetic waves after fabrication is crucial for developing more efficient and compact optical systems for a broad range of applications including sensing, imaging, telecommunications, and data storage. Chalcogenide-based phase change materials (PCMs) have shown great promise due to their stable, non-volatile phase transition between amorphous a","authors_text":"Cosmin Constantin Popescu, Hyun Jung Kim, Juejun Hu, Kathleen Richardson, Kiumars Aryana, Parth Garud, Rashi Sharma, Steven Vitale, Tian Gu","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.mtrl-sci","physics.app-ph","physics.ins-det"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2024-04-22T14:32:46Z","title":"Robust electrothermal switching of optical phase change materials through computer-aided adaptive pulse optimization"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2404.14220","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:282d2153bf8a2e24e268e1a62515d51b4ba8b27b35a2246610d9a4ff8d894cd7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:10:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3de19ac9f703115daec4e027e5ab111fac45bdff7334df59026379de2cc2636d","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall","cond-mat.mtrl-sci","physics.app-ph","physics.ins-det"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.optics","submitted_at":"2024-04-22T14:32:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"4ecdb56c440023e5a577bba341f2aa3308c5f9e69508e35eaefbf5ea8361c7f0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2404.14220","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"6c1415dda62375c07839877592fff47f71cc8eececb80ee9dc8d8aa5a9b8c2b4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6c1415dda62375c07839877592fff47f71cc8eececb80ee9dc8d8aa5a9b8c2b4","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:10:43.928362Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:10:43.928362Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"vVmbFI5+P3OZxz7YGjZjoQ/GHFKxFea56Nyf4wD5FKdnZ1sVrf4YXGmS0B5OBkJt5ISlVuxfgMwpXgPmxCL7Bw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:10:43.928806Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2404.14220","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:282d2153bf8a2e24e268e1a62515d51b4ba8b27b35a2246610d9a4ff8d894cd7","sha256:80998fa6fc73f31334ab6545b529a05fb6f5043d4b8b06d026c4b6af829484c4"],"state_sha256":"28e6caa05cd0a169e723f0d802f0891d677c5209187bfcfc2106106009137e47"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"LeUfisI/3gsQy/ghBNEgBwd5g3NPZfx2K3kmcBOjkVLJSpOJIcfTxyS1JYazVYs/cTSFD5tEsiXcRVlrZNQGDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T22:09:34.504440Z","bundle_sha256":"d9ec9e1e26820b2c921ead22bb62bbd0d16447186b3bb52bec0e627185616501"}}