{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:NRSPIN3RQCCDD3KNFTZ4OMI2JH","short_pith_number":"pith:NRSPIN3R","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1708.07126","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2017-08-23T18:00:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ab7205250a84b5a63985cd929e38ba2314e9630a055c13ee6a1b9782774e49ff","abstract_canon_sha256":"54cf29494fd8f6acae6839adab9ce759fee9962391a54cc4921b3c1be329dc0c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6c64f43771808431ed4d2cf3c7311a49efc7c480d7afdec13b6042dbeb2db79f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1708.07126","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1708.07126","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1708.07126v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1708.07126","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NRSPIN3RQCCD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NRSPIN3RQCCDD3KN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NRSPIN3R","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:34Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:NRSPIN3RQCCDD3KNFTZ4OMI2JH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1708.07126","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2017-08-23T18:00:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"ab7205250a84b5a63985cd929e38ba2314e9630a055c13ee6a1b9782774e49ff","abstract_canon_sha256":"54cf29494fd8f6acae6839adab9ce759fee9962391a54cc4921b3c1be329dc0c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6c64f43771808431ed4d2cf3c7311a49efc7c480d7afdec13b6042dbeb2db79f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:16.602550Z","signature_b64":"1TDVLadMWjNXHyjuo0Pt+QzJqqyKL5bWWnWz93yufcYD+rt7ChiPThJNI2aQsq3NPmRZRtMARrtyUPxfH3VIDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6c64f43771808431ed4d2cf3c7311a49efc7c480d7afdec13b6042dbeb2db79f","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:16.601891Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:16.601891Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1708.07126","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WaPO49ix1lDA6ypsZSD+S0xlMjZW2zAf7YwTXj4+N2T9SAQGpg5gqgvZ8EOMcf9VdSppLjqF/7omzG3IeiW+Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T02:53:49.043852Z"},"content_sha256":"e665bb35e4b60d74cabd215832ede7f0853ec75bded2c5bde7a13d82f3944190","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e665bb35e4b60d74cabd215832ede7f0853ec75bded2c5bde7a13d82f3944190"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:NRSPIN3RQCCDD3KNFTZ4OMI2JH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Dancing to ChaNGa: A Self-Consistent Prediction For Close SMBH Pair Formation Timescales Following Galaxy Mergers","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Andrew Pontzen, Fabio Governato, Marta Volonteri, Michael Tremmel, Thomas R. Quinn","submitted_at":"2017-08-23T18:00:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present the first self-consistent prediction for the distribution of formation timescales for close Supermassive Black Hole (SMBH) pairs following galaxy mergers. Using ROMULUS25, the first large-scale cosmological simulation to accurately track the orbital evolution of SMBHs within their host galaxies down to sub-kpc scales, we predict an average formation rate density of close SMBH pairs of 0.013 cMpc^-3 Gyr^-1. We find that it is relatively rare for galaxy mergers to result in the formation of close SMBH pairs with sub-kpc separation and those that do form are often the result of Gyrs of"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1708.07126","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:16Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qyp6AF3DoEXwTjBwrriC3eZerjxaBrWyM2vWKFk9Io7XU5+GcoMxAXLMbdc0WLfMjIu9W5glNBA8abgkffPGCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T02:53:49.044199Z"},"content_sha256":"6e944eb38100cc4bbc51b3798dce04b38ea64e52bde07df9bf9d11cbf73bcf57","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:6e944eb38100cc4bbc51b3798dce04b38ea64e52bde07df9bf9d11cbf73bcf57"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NRSPIN3RQCCDD3KNFTZ4OMI2JH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NRSPIN3RQCCDD3KNFTZ4OMI2JH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NRSPIN3RQCCDD3KNFTZ4OMI2JH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-03T02:53:49Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NRSPIN3RQCCDD3KNFTZ4OMI2JH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NRSPIN3RQCCDD3KNFTZ4OMI2JH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NRSPIN3RQCCDD3KNFTZ4OMI2JH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NRSPIN3RQCCDD3KNFTZ4OMI2JH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:NRSPIN3RQCCDD3KNFTZ4OMI2JH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"54cf29494fd8f6acae6839adab9ce759fee9962391a54cc4921b3c1be329dc0c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2017-08-23T18:00:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"ab7205250a84b5a63985cd929e38ba2314e9630a055c13ee6a1b9782774e49ff"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1708.07126","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1708.07126","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1708.07126v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1708.07126","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NRSPIN3RQCCD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NRSPIN3RQCCDD3KN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NRSPIN3R","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:34Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:6e944eb38100cc4bbc51b3798dce04b38ea64e52bde07df9bf9d11cbf73bcf57","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present the first self-consistent prediction for the distribution of formation timescales for close Supermassive Black Hole (SMBH) pairs following galaxy mergers. Using ROMULUS25, the first large-scale cosmological simulation to accurately track the orbital evolution of SMBHs within their host galaxies down to sub-kpc scales, we predict an average formation rate density of close SMBH pairs of 0.013 cMpc^-3 Gyr^-1. We find that it is relatively rare for galaxy mergers to result in the formation of close SMBH pairs with sub-kpc separation and those that do form are often the result of Gyrs of","authors_text":"Andrew Pontzen, Fabio Governato, Marta Volonteri, Michael Tremmel, Thomas R. Quinn","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2017-08-23T18:00:02Z","title":"Dancing to ChaNGa: A Self-Consistent Prediction For Close SMBH Pair Formation Timescales Following Galaxy Mergers"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1708.07126","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e665bb35e4b60d74cabd215832ede7f0853ec75bded2c5bde7a13d82f3944190","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"54cf29494fd8f6acae6839adab9ce759fee9962391a54cc4921b3c1be329dc0c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2017-08-23T18:00:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"ab7205250a84b5a63985cd929e38ba2314e9630a055c13ee6a1b9782774e49ff"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1708.07126","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"6c64f43771808431ed4d2cf3c7311a49efc7c480d7afdec13b6042dbeb2db79f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6c64f43771808431ed4d2cf3c7311a49efc7c480d7afdec13b6042dbeb2db79f","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:16.601891Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:16.601891Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"1TDVLadMWjNXHyjuo0Pt+QzJqqyKL5bWWnWz93yufcYD+rt7ChiPThJNI2aQsq3NPmRZRtMARrtyUPxfH3VIDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:24:16.602550Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1708.07126","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e665bb35e4b60d74cabd215832ede7f0853ec75bded2c5bde7a13d82f3944190","sha256:6e944eb38100cc4bbc51b3798dce04b38ea64e52bde07df9bf9d11cbf73bcf57"],"state_sha256":"c61d18e27979eb04667983e8f19eaff521cbb9e774345908de9d324865224847"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"iiZU/ES6JWnqh5yeXBUAI8t56aKKtbyIDKSNdQ80pBum7/n0ykv36IsnG73wXrbyxeJNNfsz2kQuXV9KPcLBBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T02:53:49.046156Z","bundle_sha256":"0cc78c4160fc98a270e6521841512fb7cccc22fcc2fc0e7b594d7b3367e24fa1"}}