{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:NRX3LMYDA3NEMRDDQPGOZNWBBP","short_pith_number":"pith:NRX3LMYD","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1605.03135","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2016-05-10T18:12:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.comp-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"23f5e4738d8cf53c98c3345978858da72ddf95a3f3d71a05d990ce77a76dd960","abstract_canon_sha256":"70f0091232d6f01b38db60f614443cd6c40968bf96d0e3da2aacd8924496ec33"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6c6fb5b30306da46446383ccecb6c10bd02f6885375573c8f88a8517b15f3ebb","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1605.03135","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1605.03135","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1605.03135v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1605.03135","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NRX3LMYDA3NE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NRX3LMYDA3NEMRDD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NRX3LMYD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:36Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:NRX3LMYDA3NEMRDDQPGOZNWBBP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1605.03135","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2016-05-10T18:12:43Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.comp-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"23f5e4738d8cf53c98c3345978858da72ddf95a3f3d71a05d990ce77a76dd960","abstract_canon_sha256":"70f0091232d6f01b38db60f614443cd6c40968bf96d0e3da2aacd8924496ec33"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6c6fb5b30306da46446383ccecb6c10bd02f6885375573c8f88a8517b15f3ebb","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:07.480613Z","signature_b64":"Vc/sY/aUGsPFhue1vvGaG8fo/2fXYrZmm7ZF4Kk7oxgsRlqOATsrTbnQQuUJZ85ObWes+KaP9ieCPjXAC53gDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6c6fb5b30306da46446383ccecb6c10bd02f6885375573c8f88a8517b15f3ebb","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:07.479960Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:07.479960Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1605.03135","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZJiJ9iVaV2Dsyi5DSPqTsAjL4WHiAXYYHT4DTLHwDGDwkwMQsh3H3PfWz1+Uf6yGR/e+XicROE7XpQqrtnbeBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T14:50:31.133924Z"},"content_sha256":"5bed71848d2f4749348c53e64c8ae5f8a789538a3be63b6f7fe3788a532ac03d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5bed71848d2f4749348c53e64c8ae5f8a789538a3be63b6f7fe3788a532ac03d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:NRX3LMYDA3NEMRDDQPGOZNWBBP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Adjoint-based Gradient Estimation Using the Space-time Solutions of Unknown Conservation Law Simulations","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.comp-ph"],"primary_cat":"math.OC","authors_text":"Han Chen, Qiqi Wang","submitted_at":"2016-05-10T18:12:43Z","abstract_excerpt":"Many control applications can be formulated as optimization constrained by conservation laws. Such optimization can be efficiently solved by gradient-based methods, where the gradient is obtained through the adjoint method. Traditionally, the adjoint method has not been able to be implemented in \"gray-box\" conservation law simulations. In gray-box simulations, the analytical and numerical form of the conservation law is unknown, but the space-time solution of relevant flow quantities is available. Without the adjoint gradient, optimization can be challenging for problems with many control vari"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1605.03135","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PSX7ZuclnlS8S7PvDfsiQnYS9708bEHw4QFsrZ5ZrGbrTzxdbYQet2AC7iV6ejCeaLjxPwxEngiOUT48RDdOBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T14:50:31.134656Z"},"content_sha256":"1d69a8825b6876667c4facfcf6f5246c63aca56ccabab3e9e36571f9321d7fc8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1d69a8825b6876667c4facfcf6f5246c63aca56ccabab3e9e36571f9321d7fc8"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NRX3LMYDA3NEMRDDQPGOZNWBBP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NRX3LMYDA3NEMRDDQPGOZNWBBP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NRX3LMYDA3NEMRDDQPGOZNWBBP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-06T14:50:31Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NRX3LMYDA3NEMRDDQPGOZNWBBP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NRX3LMYDA3NEMRDDQPGOZNWBBP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NRX3LMYDA3NEMRDDQPGOZNWBBP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NRX3LMYDA3NEMRDDQPGOZNWBBP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:NRX3LMYDA3NEMRDDQPGOZNWBBP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"70f0091232d6f01b38db60f614443cd6c40968bf96d0e3da2aacd8924496ec33","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.comp-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2016-05-10T18:12:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"23f5e4738d8cf53c98c3345978858da72ddf95a3f3d71a05d990ce77a76dd960"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1605.03135","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1605.03135","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1605.03135v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1605.03135","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NRX3LMYDA3NE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NRX3LMYDA3NEMRDD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NRX3LMYD","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:36Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1d69a8825b6876667c4facfcf6f5246c63aca56ccabab3e9e36571f9321d7fc8","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Many control applications can be formulated as optimization constrained by conservation laws. Such optimization can be efficiently solved by gradient-based methods, where the gradient is obtained through the adjoint method. Traditionally, the adjoint method has not been able to be implemented in \"gray-box\" conservation law simulations. In gray-box simulations, the analytical and numerical form of the conservation law is unknown, but the space-time solution of relevant flow quantities is available. Without the adjoint gradient, optimization can be challenging for problems with many control vari","authors_text":"Han Chen, Qiqi Wang","cross_cats":["physics.comp-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2016-05-10T18:12:43Z","title":"Adjoint-based Gradient Estimation Using the Space-time Solutions of Unknown Conservation Law Simulations"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1605.03135","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5bed71848d2f4749348c53e64c8ae5f8a789538a3be63b6f7fe3788a532ac03d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"70f0091232d6f01b38db60f614443cd6c40968bf96d0e3da2aacd8924496ec33","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.comp-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"math.OC","submitted_at":"2016-05-10T18:12:43Z","title_canon_sha256":"23f5e4738d8cf53c98c3345978858da72ddf95a3f3d71a05d990ce77a76dd960"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1605.03135","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"6c6fb5b30306da46446383ccecb6c10bd02f6885375573c8f88a8517b15f3ebb","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6c6fb5b30306da46446383ccecb6c10bd02f6885375573c8f88a8517b15f3ebb","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:07.479960Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:07.479960Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Vc/sY/aUGsPFhue1vvGaG8fo/2fXYrZmm7ZF4Kk7oxgsRlqOATsrTbnQQuUJZ85ObWes+KaP9ieCPjXAC53gDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:07.480613Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1605.03135","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5bed71848d2f4749348c53e64c8ae5f8a789538a3be63b6f7fe3788a532ac03d","sha256:1d69a8825b6876667c4facfcf6f5246c63aca56ccabab3e9e36571f9321d7fc8"],"state_sha256":"852608a64ab0ba729004725804ab6ade10b2533704992c6043c3f969c6863e39"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CETw8KyuoBfYkgE8TI83fEoWK4Fat7OAMarMj+IRUQmTf2fhXDQPT6Pcwu2x9fRtqA+w3BA2EcPmuLsa/7s6CQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-06T14:50:31.138771Z","bundle_sha256":"9e1a6b7f321f2aa0fc18efe6f71049d2f7e46eea465c49661a45de9ca0968f94"}}