{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:NSLWAMSJ4BJJ5Y4G4Z46OKZQPC","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"76c617517555dcca543bb070382f8e6ffb0d24f068af4f9069c2d8f6cdd52cb7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-08-30T09:30:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"a54796f5d58b2331c01f2672f936d0526b72c6078f12d26345a2884c0edce4db"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1808.10196","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1808.10196","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1808.10196v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1808.10196","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:49Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NSLWAMSJ4BJJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NSLWAMSJ4BJJ5Y4G","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NSLWAMSJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:40Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e2f11bd0a131bc34895a4c0c8220dae2e5e37f82fcccd265011df929a7222cfe","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Pronouns are a long-standing challenge in machine translation. We present a study of the performance of a range of rule-based, statistical and neural MT systems on pronoun translation based on an extensive manual evaluation using the PROTEST test suite, which enables a fine-grained analysis of different pronoun types and sheds light on the difficulties of the task. We find that the rule-based approaches in our corpus perform poorly as a result of oversimplification, whereas SMT and early NMT systems exhibit significant shortcomings due to a lack of awareness of the functional and referential p","authors_text":"Christian Hardmeier, Liane Guillou","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-08-30T09:30:14Z","title":"Pronoun Translation in English-French Machine Translation: An Analysis of Error Types"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1808.10196","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:69ad9bf850479cca2473074a930b2c247dc5960a1235cb87116593d49c4f89fc","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:49Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"76c617517555dcca543bb070382f8e6ffb0d24f068af4f9069c2d8f6cdd52cb7","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2018-08-30T09:30:14Z","title_canon_sha256":"a54796f5d58b2331c01f2672f936d0526b72c6078f12d26345a2884c0edce4db"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1808.10196","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"6c97603249e0529ee386e679e72b3078a167f23002ac27b6f33fd2de31a501e0","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6c97603249e0529ee386e679e72b3078a167f23002ac27b6f33fd2de31a501e0","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:49.537420Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:49.537420Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"fD31de6q6QNQ1w8Fm9+ISyGdpMbQSkkJGfW5meQPHWJJWL1VB1mmJZJNx1SbuCri8UIcCOfJ7KmNqrMMIebyCg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:06:49.538061Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1808.10196","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:69ad9bf850479cca2473074a930b2c247dc5960a1235cb87116593d49c4f89fc","sha256:e2f11bd0a131bc34895a4c0c8220dae2e5e37f82fcccd265011df929a7222cfe"],"state_sha256":"5f15a286124249385efa788d0a5c7dcbb6dc3063bea9b0f1f0360009f3b58a8a"}