{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2021:NSWFAZWR2R5YPREQLUVMHYRMOY","short_pith_number":"pith:NSWFAZWR","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"6cac5066d1d47b87c4905d2ac3e22c760b1dbef02f7193cbd1adc67f366a77a5","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2104.09446","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector (SNSPD) with 3D-Printed Free-Form Microlenses","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.optics"],"primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","authors_text":"Artem Kuzmin, Christian Koos, Emanuel Knehr, Konstantin Ilin, Matthias Blaicher, Michael Siegel, Philipp-Immanuel Dietrich, Wolfgang Freude, Yilin Xu","submitted_at":"2021-04-19T16:51:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present an approach to increase the effective light-receiving area of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) by means of free-form microlenses that are printed in situ on top of the sensitive detector area using high-resolution multi-photon lithography. We demonstrate a detector based on a niobium-nitride (NbN) nanowire with a 4.5 $\\mathrm \\mu$m $\\times$ 4.5 $\\mathrm \\mu$m sensitive area, supplemented with a lens of 60 $\\mathrm \\mu$m diameter. For free-space illumination at a wavelength of 1550 nm, the lensed sensor has a 100-fold-increased effective collection area, which"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2104.09446","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","submitted_at":"2021-04-19T16:51:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.optics"],"title_canon_sha256":"c523946237e8f72b5fdb139b27473115d6151afb690aee667d4c86c7bd310de6","abstract_canon_sha256":"f7bfc0eb387d6439fcba9f1f779b7752cad68f34a8a2fee7db39a8ebaaf39a42"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:07.095821Z","signature_b64":"bnb88j+oR2nrnNtOEt5EZUFnaOG6aPSIUMoPNDZC8IQ/q5rcFLnzvhsHIy1KMlEdeg+KkUo/+WT+omwhPW6kDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6cac5066d1d47b87c4905d2ac3e22c760b1dbef02f7193cbd1adc67f366a77a5","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:07.095221Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:07.095221Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detector (SNSPD) with 3D-Printed Free-Form Microlenses","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.optics"],"primary_cat":"physics.ins-det","authors_text":"Artem Kuzmin, Christian Koos, Emanuel Knehr, Konstantin Ilin, Matthias Blaicher, Michael Siegel, Philipp-Immanuel Dietrich, Wolfgang Freude, Yilin Xu","submitted_at":"2021-04-19T16:51:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present an approach to increase the effective light-receiving area of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPD) by means of free-form microlenses that are printed in situ on top of the sensitive detector area using high-resolution multi-photon lithography. We demonstrate a detector based on a niobium-nitride (NbN) nanowire with a 4.5 $\\mathrm \\mu$m $\\times$ 4.5 $\\mathrm \\mu$m sensitive area, supplemented with a lens of 60 $\\mathrm \\mu$m diameter. For free-space illumination at a wavelength of 1550 nm, the lensed sensor has a 100-fold-increased effective collection area, which"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2104.09446","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2104.09446/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2104.09446","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:07.095322+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2104.09446v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:07.095322+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2104.09446","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:07.095322+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NSWFAZWR2R5Y","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:07.095322+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NSWFAZWR2R5YPREQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:07.095322+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NSWFAZWR","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:07.095322+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/NSWFAZWR2R5YPREQLUVMHYRMOY","json":"https://pith.science/pith/NSWFAZWR2R5YPREQLUVMHYRMOY.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/NSWFAZWR2R5YPREQLUVMHYRMOY/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/NSWFAZWR2R5YPREQLUVMHYRMOY/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/NSWFAZWR"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/NSWFAZWR2R5YPREQLUVMHYRMOY","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/NSWFAZWR2R5YPREQLUVMHYRMOY.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/NSWFAZWR","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2104.09446&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/NSWFAZWR2R5YPREQLUVMHYRMOY/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/NSWFAZWR2R5YPREQLUVMHYRMOY/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/NSWFAZWR2R5YPREQLUVMHYRMOY/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/NSWFAZWR2R5YPREQLUVMHYRMOY/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/NSWFAZWR2R5YPREQLUVMHYRMOY/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/NSWFAZWR2R5YPREQLUVMHYRMOY/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/NSWFAZWR2R5YPREQLUVMHYRMOY/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:07.095322+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:07.095322+00:00"}