{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:NVVQACU7UQF6LM3TWAHBMCDPXG","short_pith_number":"pith:NVVQACU7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1902.04043","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-02-11T18:43:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.MA","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"2df179af12ba50d31a571cd2036eea8b8191ddff166969e8ca99cd6e9ad34b57","abstract_canon_sha256":"7e9d265694e77078c7b092378a070ae5403fe7dc46d533cb978ac536880be960"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6d6b000a9fa40be5b373b00e16086fb99be1034799d386b26048658fd2978f52","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1902.04043","version":5},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1902.04043","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1902.04043v5","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1902.04043","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NVVQACU7UQF6","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NVVQACU7UQF6LM3T","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NVVQACU7","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:36Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:NVVQACU7UQF6LM3TWAHBMCDPXG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1902.04043","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-02-11T18:43:53Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.MA","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"2df179af12ba50d31a571cd2036eea8b8191ddff166969e8ca99cd6e9ad34b57","abstract_canon_sha256":"7e9d265694e77078c7b092378a070ae5403fe7dc46d533cb978ac536880be960"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6d6b000a9fa40be5b373b00e16086fb99be1034799d386b26048658fd2978f52","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:36.801020Z","signature_b64":"9PG4KWjlECHYGTDzfoQZFa83YM5ixqlytSK1o9laLuaMelfKokxZGyJHPBzhpJ2zz+HdKaKz4WPuk/x4n9hzDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6d6b000a9fa40be5b373b00e16086fb99be1034799d386b26048658fd2978f52","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:36.800532Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:36.800532Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1902.04043","source_version":5,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kMBLviKiqkrAAwK1ZMiBkt5OR4OceVq4Ny2UrAArBJGsLyMBuA+hTThU1BdsYoxabDbLvuhazxkU8XLU8GdgCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T20:06:14.565686Z"},"content_sha256":"d28859d28d0a33f4b271e90d1c7940f6203d732087b83d809bf7fff6f3c80d00","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d28859d28d0a33f4b271e90d1c7940f6203d732087b83d809bf7fff6f3c80d00"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:NVVQACU7UQF6LM3TWAHBMCDPXG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The StarCraft Multi-Agent Challenge","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.MA","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Chia-Man Hung, Christian Schroeder de Witt, Gregory Farquhar, Jakob Foerster, Mikayel Samvelyan, Nantas Nardelli, Philip H. S. Torr, Shimon Whiteson, Tabish Rashid, Tim G. J. Rudner","submitted_at":"2019-02-11T18:43:53Z","abstract_excerpt":"In the last few years, deep multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) has become a highly active area of research. A particularly challenging class of problems in this area is partially observable, cooperative, multi-agent learning, in which teams of agents must learn to coordinate their behaviour while conditioning only on their private observations. This is an attractive research area since such problems are relevant to a large number of real-world systems and are also more amenable to evaluation than general-sum problems. Standardised environments such as the ALE and MuJoCo have allowed singl"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1902.04043","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1902.04043/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:36Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7XNRZ38PQAuuO/y7jMM/iF6HcWbVz21+g1YPg1KKeQAkBhHh0hS9k/Oems446lOxw6hL0kiiy9HLeKfuKVHbAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T20:06:14.566194Z"},"content_sha256":"0106ca050b161e9f94fc39864b52c9f43e82286d096d5edfbd195c45ae556a9b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0106ca050b161e9f94fc39864b52c9f43e82286d096d5edfbd195c45ae556a9b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NVVQACU7UQF6LM3TWAHBMCDPXG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NVVQACU7UQF6LM3TWAHBMCDPXG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NVVQACU7UQF6LM3TWAHBMCDPXG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T20:06:14Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NVVQACU7UQF6LM3TWAHBMCDPXG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NVVQACU7UQF6LM3TWAHBMCDPXG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NVVQACU7UQF6LM3TWAHBMCDPXG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NVVQACU7UQF6LM3TWAHBMCDPXG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:NVVQACU7UQF6LM3TWAHBMCDPXG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7e9d265694e77078c7b092378a070ae5403fe7dc46d533cb978ac536880be960","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.MA","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-02-11T18:43:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"2df179af12ba50d31a571cd2036eea8b8191ddff166969e8ca99cd6e9ad34b57"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1902.04043","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1902.04043","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1902.04043v5","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1902.04043","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NVVQACU7UQF6","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NVVQACU7UQF6LM3T","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:36Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NVVQACU7","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:36Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:0106ca050b161e9f94fc39864b52c9f43e82286d096d5edfbd195c45ae556a9b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1902.04043/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In the last few years, deep multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) has become a highly active area of research. A particularly challenging class of problems in this area is partially observable, cooperative, multi-agent learning, in which teams of agents must learn to coordinate their behaviour while conditioning only on their private observations. This is an attractive research area since such problems are relevant to a large number of real-world systems and are also more amenable to evaluation than general-sum problems. Standardised environments such as the ALE and MuJoCo have allowed singl","authors_text":"Chia-Man Hung, Christian Schroeder de Witt, Gregory Farquhar, Jakob Foerster, Mikayel Samvelyan, Nantas Nardelli, Philip H. S. Torr, Shimon Whiteson, Tabish Rashid, Tim G. J. Rudner","cross_cats":["cs.MA","stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-02-11T18:43:53Z","title":"The StarCraft Multi-Agent Challenge"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1902.04043","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d28859d28d0a33f4b271e90d1c7940f6203d732087b83d809bf7fff6f3c80d00","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:36Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7e9d265694e77078c7b092378a070ae5403fe7dc46d533cb978ac536880be960","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.MA","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2019-02-11T18:43:53Z","title_canon_sha256":"2df179af12ba50d31a571cd2036eea8b8191ddff166969e8ca99cd6e9ad34b57"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1902.04043","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"canonical_sha256":"6d6b000a9fa40be5b373b00e16086fb99be1034799d386b26048658fd2978f52","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6d6b000a9fa40be5b373b00e16086fb99be1034799d386b26048658fd2978f52","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:36.800532Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:36.800532Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"9PG4KWjlECHYGTDzfoQZFa83YM5ixqlytSK1o9laLuaMelfKokxZGyJHPBzhpJ2zz+HdKaKz4WPuk/x4n9hzDQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T00:24:36.801020Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1902.04043","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":5}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d28859d28d0a33f4b271e90d1c7940f6203d732087b83d809bf7fff6f3c80d00","sha256:0106ca050b161e9f94fc39864b52c9f43e82286d096d5edfbd195c45ae556a9b"],"state_sha256":"de8e414b0e762937e9571f5ea8b66b4e3d3851fb30dc142e7507f7f9b58a895f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xtK8cAmPh4T1sPdyHHppECaoyB8Av3YdCg6OPBWvoxXg5SFrUuG+BrDfxA4+zMrWon4mfpE33oGBonwsfRehBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T20:06:14.571237Z","bundle_sha256":"89a9d9641563625854a73fd2a87f4c7e8cc0b071bde0f350cd3d9aad141007d0"}}