{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:NWIQC2EV6METKWPOE7A26T5I5M","short_pith_number":"pith:NWIQC2EV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1312.7459","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2013-12-28T18:28:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"af50653c78fe4daf4e967dbe603f3384a27b70ec3600084fd3ac698076a40607","abstract_canon_sha256":"d34df86f0a6f8663607192593c7494c3b9c2db8436ae0f08c671f1e60fe16d9c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6d91016895f3093559ee27c1af4fa8eb2ec5ffe705d2996283756abbadceb0cf","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1312.7459","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1312.7459","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1312.7459v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1312.7459","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NWIQC2EV6MET","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NWIQC2EV6METKWPO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NWIQC2EV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:NWIQC2EV6METKWPOE7A26T5I5M","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1312.7459","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2013-12-28T18:28:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"af50653c78fe4daf4e967dbe603f3384a27b70ec3600084fd3ac698076a40607","abstract_canon_sha256":"d34df86f0a6f8663607192593c7494c3b9c2db8436ae0f08c671f1e60fe16d9c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6d91016895f3093559ee27c1af4fa8eb2ec5ffe705d2996283756abbadceb0cf","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:57.619123Z","signature_b64":"1lFyT6VTkHAqfC3oQ/U8XGLd+O6X52XpRIol6/ZXAwi3XZ3nO5j4aKdnSKdTDVNbqF1p0Yw+0Jy2wvPs//dMDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6d91016895f3093559ee27c1af4fa8eb2ec5ffe705d2996283756abbadceb0cf","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:57.618520Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:57.618520Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1312.7459","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zBqrb9wnRP5h1IiuFS9dBnjoIK3vpqQoIo/3Uo+kq2Eqnh7sx4jeqrE3mHNxngtUcelUL/M6J4TpN/bYTpr6DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T19:18:25.068229Z"},"content_sha256":"e1c2aaf05723d237451c95b4b3eef8f960160d464edb512411e9ad20689126c8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e1c2aaf05723d237451c95b4b3eef8f960160d464edb512411e9ad20689126c8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:NWIQC2EV6METKWPOE7A26T5I5M","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Ultra high energy cosmic rays: implications of Auger data for source spectra and chemical composition","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"P. Blasi, R. Aloisio, V. Berezinsky","submitted_at":"2013-12-28T18:28:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"We use a kinetic-equation approach to describe the propagation of ultra high energy cosmic ray protons and nuclei and calculate the expected spectra and mass composition at the Earth for different assumptions on the source injection spectra and chemical abundances. When compared with the spectrum, the elongation rate $X_{max}(E)$ and dispersion $\\sigma(X_{max})$ as observed with the Pierre Auger Observatory, several important consequences can be drawn: a) the injection spectra of nuclei must be very hard, $\\sim E^{-\\gamma}$ with $\\gamma\\sim 1-1.6$; b) the maximum energy of nuclei of charge $Z$"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1312.7459","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:57Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kfz/ZLq+kQrvDkgRXsS2pMx2D6N6M373/0ILvffw1TWCnY4eb8MD3KosqisiCAmRKLjDrPLFN98iJ1/WHLqOAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T19:18:25.068591Z"},"content_sha256":"63decf94270f6f110cb426c8623af0e519f07284fa2f5ca8939b13cf7b373c5b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:63decf94270f6f110cb426c8623af0e519f07284fa2f5ca8939b13cf7b373c5b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NWIQC2EV6METKWPOE7A26T5I5M/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NWIQC2EV6METKWPOE7A26T5I5M/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NWIQC2EV6METKWPOE7A26T5I5M/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-03T19:18:25Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NWIQC2EV6METKWPOE7A26T5I5M","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NWIQC2EV6METKWPOE7A26T5I5M/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NWIQC2EV6METKWPOE7A26T5I5M/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NWIQC2EV6METKWPOE7A26T5I5M/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:NWIQC2EV6METKWPOE7A26T5I5M","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d34df86f0a6f8663607192593c7494c3b9c2db8436ae0f08c671f1e60fe16d9c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2013-12-28T18:28:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"af50653c78fe4daf4e967dbe603f3384a27b70ec3600084fd3ac698076a40607"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1312.7459","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1312.7459","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1312.7459v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1312.7459","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NWIQC2EV6MET","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NWIQC2EV6METKWPO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NWIQC2EV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:63decf94270f6f110cb426c8623af0e519f07284fa2f5ca8939b13cf7b373c5b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We use a kinetic-equation approach to describe the propagation of ultra high energy cosmic ray protons and nuclei and calculate the expected spectra and mass composition at the Earth for different assumptions on the source injection spectra and chemical abundances. When compared with the spectrum, the elongation rate $X_{max}(E)$ and dispersion $\\sigma(X_{max})$ as observed with the Pierre Auger Observatory, several important consequences can be drawn: a) the injection spectra of nuclei must be very hard, $\\sim E^{-\\gamma}$ with $\\gamma\\sim 1-1.6$; b) the maximum energy of nuclei of charge $Z$","authors_text":"P. Blasi, R. Aloisio, V. Berezinsky","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2013-12-28T18:28:51Z","title":"Ultra high energy cosmic rays: implications of Auger data for source spectra and chemical composition"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1312.7459","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e1c2aaf05723d237451c95b4b3eef8f960160d464edb512411e9ad20689126c8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:57Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d34df86f0a6f8663607192593c7494c3b9c2db8436ae0f08c671f1e60fe16d9c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2013-12-28T18:28:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"af50653c78fe4daf4e967dbe603f3384a27b70ec3600084fd3ac698076a40607"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1312.7459","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"6d91016895f3093559ee27c1af4fa8eb2ec5ffe705d2996283756abbadceb0cf","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6d91016895f3093559ee27c1af4fa8eb2ec5ffe705d2996283756abbadceb0cf","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:57.618520Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:57.618520Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"1lFyT6VTkHAqfC3oQ/U8XGLd+O6X52XpRIol6/ZXAwi3XZ3nO5j4aKdnSKdTDVNbqF1p0Yw+0Jy2wvPs//dMDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:42:57.619123Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1312.7459","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e1c2aaf05723d237451c95b4b3eef8f960160d464edb512411e9ad20689126c8","sha256:63decf94270f6f110cb426c8623af0e519f07284fa2f5ca8939b13cf7b373c5b"],"state_sha256":"dece1b34d2f88cff0e6314236733f86b9aadb71e4f7e1e9a06df95bbb8518ab6"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1+a/SxAQBTti0qAHFVax17bl+crMyITKeUjiWsdwpfFdbXRg6RDXSOSoK0jBDvY7jwPnX7eZ3tlsJxCMdg/HAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T19:18:25.070592Z","bundle_sha256":"367cef752de403a13c9180474ab82c426fa9179f0e0ded1421f9e610e4c9b210"}}