{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:NXTLYORMSV6P5VGAM2HLHMVRSX","short_pith_number":"pith:NXTLYORM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.08786","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2019-08-03T08:27:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.EC"],"title_canon_sha256":"fb89dc056b2cd2c2336e79c0347df7f6b79369724d3a9847edc1233d01d4dad9","abstract_canon_sha256":"b9faf88d2845783499c1ba26428d7031e7cbc88cad049fd69e2f2eece43b5e5b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6de6bc3a2c957cfed4c0668eb3b2b195e96b8162ffdd8a9f72a2832d5ceade6d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1908.08786","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.08786","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.08786v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.08786","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NXTLYORMSV6P","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NXTLYORMSV6P5VGA","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NXTLYORM","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:24Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:NXTLYORMSV6P5VGAM2HLHMVRSX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1908.08786","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2019-08-03T08:27:03Z","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.EC"],"title_canon_sha256":"fb89dc056b2cd2c2336e79c0347df7f6b79369724d3a9847edc1233d01d4dad9","abstract_canon_sha256":"b9faf88d2845783499c1ba26428d7031e7cbc88cad049fd69e2f2eece43b5e5b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6de6bc3a2c957cfed4c0668eb3b2b195e96b8162ffdd8a9f72a2832d5ceade6d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:24.042043Z","signature_b64":"07bdCdNBteItXw0zGHNRuhTPby2br39JYrxiuBxcnTxLOydh67Y52TkSt7BOSScRbntuntgUdGW2ZcXZwstmCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6de6bc3a2c957cfed4c0668eb3b2b195e96b8162ffdd8a9f72a2832d5ceade6d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:24.041667Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:24.041667Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1908.08786","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XhogleSF4OaaRdKbFhJ4EyhKX5bqhM9nR1QqIaUxasE/aEgnmv4Y1feEusfZTaWYCZuRGnXH+plL2a5mpNS6DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T11:14:12.627693Z"},"content_sha256":"4766f763e16e1c9521e97b3fa9b81b7dc1da253072c0abdf5c053f78423acc84","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4766f763e16e1c9521e97b3fa9b81b7dc1da253072c0abdf5c053f78423acc84"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2019:NXTLYORMSV6P5VGAM2HLHMVRSX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Government Expenditure on Research Plans and their Diversity","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["q-fin.EC"],"primary_cat":"econ.GN","authors_text":"Kuninori Nakagawa, Ryosuke Ishii","submitted_at":"2019-08-03T08:27:03Z","abstract_excerpt":"In this study, we consider research and development investment by the government. Our study is motivated by the bias in the budget allocation owing to the competitive funding system. In our model, each researcher presents research plans and expenses, and the government selects a research plan in two periods---before and after the government knows its favorite plan---and spends funds on the adopted program in each period. We demonstrate that, in a subgame perfect equilibrium, the government adopts equally as many active plans as possible. In an equilibrium, the selected plans are distributed pr"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.08786","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1908.08786/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:24Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IzLky2hZXs3KVMxKuwmKlsotNqNGREP/cojonpSWT9EpljxFgErZFB8b+JNzU/jvumrhFMIHpTFYkFXDYElyBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T11:14:12.628265Z"},"content_sha256":"dc5cd579d299be12c573b3136978b82319da5233c1e60a4558073306453da4b7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dc5cd579d299be12c573b3136978b82319da5233c1e60a4558073306453da4b7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NXTLYORMSV6P5VGAM2HLHMVRSX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NXTLYORMSV6P5VGAM2HLHMVRSX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NXTLYORMSV6P5VGAM2HLHMVRSX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-16T11:14:12Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NXTLYORMSV6P5VGAM2HLHMVRSX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NXTLYORMSV6P5VGAM2HLHMVRSX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NXTLYORMSV6P5VGAM2HLHMVRSX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NXTLYORMSV6P5VGAM2HLHMVRSX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2019:NXTLYORMSV6P5VGAM2HLHMVRSX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b9faf88d2845783499c1ba26428d7031e7cbc88cad049fd69e2f2eece43b5e5b","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.EC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2019-08-03T08:27:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"fb89dc056b2cd2c2336e79c0347df7f6b79369724d3a9847edc1233d01d4dad9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.08786","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1908.08786","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1908.08786v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1908.08786","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NXTLYORMSV6P","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NXTLYORMSV6P5VGA","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:24Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NXTLYORM","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:24Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:dc5cd579d299be12c573b3136978b82319da5233c1e60a4558073306453da4b7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1908.08786/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In this study, we consider research and development investment by the government. Our study is motivated by the bias in the budget allocation owing to the competitive funding system. In our model, each researcher presents research plans and expenses, and the government selects a research plan in two periods---before and after the government knows its favorite plan---and spends funds on the adopted program in each period. We demonstrate that, in a subgame perfect equilibrium, the government adopts equally as many active plans as possible. In an equilibrium, the selected plans are distributed pr","authors_text":"Kuninori Nakagawa, Ryosuke Ishii","cross_cats":["q-fin.EC"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2019-08-03T08:27:03Z","title":"Government Expenditure on Research Plans and their Diversity"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1908.08786","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4766f763e16e1c9521e97b3fa9b81b7dc1da253072c0abdf5c053f78423acc84","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:24Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b9faf88d2845783499c1ba26428d7031e7cbc88cad049fd69e2f2eece43b5e5b","cross_cats_sorted":["q-fin.EC"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"econ.GN","submitted_at":"2019-08-03T08:27:03Z","title_canon_sha256":"fb89dc056b2cd2c2336e79c0347df7f6b79369724d3a9847edc1233d01d4dad9"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1908.08786","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"6de6bc3a2c957cfed4c0668eb3b2b195e96b8162ffdd8a9f72a2832d5ceade6d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6de6bc3a2c957cfed4c0668eb3b2b195e96b8162ffdd8a9f72a2832d5ceade6d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:24.041667Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:24.041667Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"07bdCdNBteItXw0zGHNRuhTPby2br39JYrxiuBxcnTxLOydh67Y52TkSt7BOSScRbntuntgUdGW2ZcXZwstmCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T23:59:24.042043Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1908.08786","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4766f763e16e1c9521e97b3fa9b81b7dc1da253072c0abdf5c053f78423acc84","sha256:dc5cd579d299be12c573b3136978b82319da5233c1e60a4558073306453da4b7"],"state_sha256":"71542fc4e75e1f60e5498407b7b94a867f7244830c2fa62035fb687f6f0de5f4"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bslRsp0hUz5d7Vix25jU/AdQtZB2cSecHI8TKo5jAEHAjNLM6HymaW+a7Xs4Dxr9MJItv4aw9aDG5DC10/g+Cg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-16T11:14:12.632824Z","bundle_sha256":"c57716a888d36ef82b4e20cfdcd6488e1d228b6d95671f131e51bbe0814c4f79"}}