{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:NYTMLC24DATREC7UT3MCTXVE4O","short_pith_number":"pith:NYTMLC24","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1207.7100","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2012-07-30T20:55:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"35e6e42fac97f5c6459ad4a1ba21b9f3842c9224efd92649c8b9ac38f10bcab8","abstract_canon_sha256":"cd96aaf50e1e745ab09902712ef8ea60aaf351f34e984cda9a56c09521da50d6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6e26c58b5c1827120bf49ed829dea4e3a5d440f8336607f607520ffa7f5ab2eb","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1207.7100","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1207.7100","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1207.7100v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1207.7100","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NYTMLC24DATR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NYTMLC24DATREC7U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NYTMLC24","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:16Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:NYTMLC24DATREC7UT3MCTXVE4O","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1207.7100","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2012-07-30T20:55:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"35e6e42fac97f5c6459ad4a1ba21b9f3842c9224efd92649c8b9ac38f10bcab8","abstract_canon_sha256":"cd96aaf50e1e745ab09902712ef8ea60aaf351f34e984cda9a56c09521da50d6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6e26c58b5c1827120bf49ed829dea4e3a5d440f8336607f607520ffa7f5ab2eb","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:00.932376Z","signature_b64":"WBh/5t54FT2XrrBI0ZCt2VrNSKDNbyaQtNsyXIGDKWgD16sznvghjb+MR4nyZK8S8XeHDlzWU5iJix8z9XPSBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6e26c58b5c1827120bf49ed829dea4e3a5d440f8336607f607520ffa7f5ab2eb","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:00.931949Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:00.931949Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1207.7100","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SxsbVJasa8TGukbMaCdDnzf/kDzOaEoSLfjAdzkOJ95/gF0OBVXV1tdiK+Owo8eXhSMe6CJpZ7K1/WFNQAjJAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-22T07:57:49.609359Z"},"content_sha256":"24c771374313730d9250e10f42410414f2b5d7ff965fc286b2e0f4868833003d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:24c771374313730d9250e10f42410414f2b5d7ff965fc286b2e0f4868833003d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:NYTMLC24DATREC7UT3MCTXVE4O","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Reynolds Pressure and Relaxation in a Sheared Granular System","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","authors_text":"Jie Ren, Joshua A. Dijksman, Robert P. Behringer","submitted_at":"2012-07-30T20:55:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"We describe experiments that probe the evolution of shear jammed states, occurring for packing fractions $\\phi_S \\leq \\phi \\leq \\phi_J$, for frictional granular disks, where above $\\phi_J$ there are no stress-free static states. We use a novel shear apparatus that avoids the formation of inhomogeneities known as shear bands. This fixed $\\phi$ system exhibits coupling between the shear strain, $\\gamma$, and the pressure, $P$, which we characterize by the `Reynolds pressure', and a `Reynolds coefficient', $R(\\phi) = (\\partial ^2 P/\\partial \\gamma ^2)/2$. $R$ depends only on $\\phi$, and diverges "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1207.7100","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uKo+wz9uKyTCMMeFtkKYefyR0afKlHg9tXuKfyTvanxaovKU0RDAzlo+laU/nB9udOk+uT/AeIesgHhmJcWwAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-22T07:57:49.610015Z"},"content_sha256":"a12762f9e50ee0c29efe164a56d7030912bb1c7b9942dfbea51caf5866f1e7ba","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a12762f9e50ee0c29efe164a56d7030912bb1c7b9942dfbea51caf5866f1e7ba"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NYTMLC24DATREC7UT3MCTXVE4O/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NYTMLC24DATREC7UT3MCTXVE4O/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NYTMLC24DATREC7UT3MCTXVE4O/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-22T07:57:49Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NYTMLC24DATREC7UT3MCTXVE4O","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NYTMLC24DATREC7UT3MCTXVE4O/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NYTMLC24DATREC7UT3MCTXVE4O/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NYTMLC24DATREC7UT3MCTXVE4O/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:NYTMLC24DATREC7UT3MCTXVE4O","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cd96aaf50e1e745ab09902712ef8ea60aaf351f34e984cda9a56c09521da50d6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2012-07-30T20:55:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"35e6e42fac97f5c6459ad4a1ba21b9f3842c9224efd92649c8b9ac38f10bcab8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1207.7100","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1207.7100","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1207.7100v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1207.7100","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NYTMLC24DATR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NYTMLC24DATREC7U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NYTMLC24","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:16Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a12762f9e50ee0c29efe164a56d7030912bb1c7b9942dfbea51caf5866f1e7ba","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We describe experiments that probe the evolution of shear jammed states, occurring for packing fractions $\\phi_S \\leq \\phi \\leq \\phi_J$, for frictional granular disks, where above $\\phi_J$ there are no stress-free static states. We use a novel shear apparatus that avoids the formation of inhomogeneities known as shear bands. This fixed $\\phi$ system exhibits coupling between the shear strain, $\\gamma$, and the pressure, $P$, which we characterize by the `Reynolds pressure', and a `Reynolds coefficient', $R(\\phi) = (\\partial ^2 P/\\partial \\gamma ^2)/2$. $R$ depends only on $\\phi$, and diverges ","authors_text":"Jie Ren, Joshua A. Dijksman, Robert P. Behringer","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2012-07-30T20:55:31Z","title":"Reynolds Pressure and Relaxation in a Sheared Granular System"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1207.7100","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:24c771374313730d9250e10f42410414f2b5d7ff965fc286b2e0f4868833003d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cd96aaf50e1e745ab09902712ef8ea60aaf351f34e984cda9a56c09521da50d6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2012-07-30T20:55:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"35e6e42fac97f5c6459ad4a1ba21b9f3842c9224efd92649c8b9ac38f10bcab8"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1207.7100","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"6e26c58b5c1827120bf49ed829dea4e3a5d440f8336607f607520ffa7f5ab2eb","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6e26c58b5c1827120bf49ed829dea4e3a5d440f8336607f607520ffa7f5ab2eb","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:00.931949Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:00.931949Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"WBh/5t54FT2XrrBI0ZCt2VrNSKDNbyaQtNsyXIGDKWgD16sznvghjb+MR4nyZK8S8XeHDlzWU5iJix8z9XPSBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:56:00.932376Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1207.7100","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:24c771374313730d9250e10f42410414f2b5d7ff965fc286b2e0f4868833003d","sha256:a12762f9e50ee0c29efe164a56d7030912bb1c7b9942dfbea51caf5866f1e7ba"],"state_sha256":"b2e6d6d12427f6f8fa0a53b3bb5a4045a9efe713839e7130ee928a3b19bbf064"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"AS3JI5e1yTSmem9MPdmzx//k7TyqGGhwaqjE5YbuYlfIRZKRe2BsKh5Mq1WteTNaY5EawRjWzWRyhK6xWDEiDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-22T07:57:49.613305Z","bundle_sha256":"36395f812feb8f3009a1eefcd41162bfb6f78bce988dc363fa6486eee5f67fb6"}}