{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:NYXPFWGH3NXT2ZT5K3J3IZFDBI","short_pith_number":"pith:NYXPFWGH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1411.2755","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2014-11-11T10:33:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"01fb4551843800afa10bfb1e65be1ca6e4d31c8eabe03e0307b45aa330c5ed86","abstract_canon_sha256":"0b4e67c7cd245ed350828192893440923873503a4aa6401fa2076e493960123f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6e2ef2d8c7db6f3d667d56d3b464a30a117d3610bacbe3c5caeda37647d95959","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1411.2755","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1411.2755","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1411.2755v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1411.2755","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NYXPFWGH3NXT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NYXPFWGH3NXT2ZT5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NYXPFWGH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:41Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:NYXPFWGH3NXT2ZT5K3J3IZFDBI","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1411.2755","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2014-11-11T10:33:26Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"01fb4551843800afa10bfb1e65be1ca6e4d31c8eabe03e0307b45aa330c5ed86","abstract_canon_sha256":"0b4e67c7cd245ed350828192893440923873503a4aa6401fa2076e493960123f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"6e2ef2d8c7db6f3d667d56d3b464a30a117d3610bacbe3c5caeda37647d95959","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:53.137481Z","signature_b64":"FmI2aGML92h8Zrs7doL5mMXl2SB+ITDzbDnCL2VdIqcwp0OLYDxOP76rq+ZxNkRUJEqbmq45wKpUCaYt5MT4DA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"6e2ef2d8c7db6f3d667d56d3b464a30a117d3610bacbe3c5caeda37647d95959","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:53.136946Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:53.136946Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1411.2755","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"a/D1fDrlIPR/dHoRMWb5x7g9ywYtTtvTC2Fh9k0lsfQPGwRNAW20Tg+j7bOp/Z9pfdxJCxopKiOb6eZEoijzAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T11:45:44.150461Z"},"content_sha256":"310a0905d5ad78b0763359489ec4419397ffae680714f473138e5f3932dbd40d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:310a0905d5ad78b0763359489ec4419397ffae680714f473138e5f3932dbd40d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:NYXPFWGH3NXT2ZT5K3J3IZFDBI","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Estimating causal structure using conditional DAG models","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Chris J. Oates, Jim Q. Smith, Sach Mukherjee","submitted_at":"2014-11-11T10:33:26Z","abstract_excerpt":"This paper considers inference of causal structure in a class of graphical models called \"conditional DAGs\". These are directed acyclic graph (DAG) models with two kinds of variables, primary and secondary. The secondary variables are used to aid in estimation of causal relationships between the primary variables. We give causal semantics for this model class and prove that, under certain assumptions, the direction of causal influence is identifiable from the joint observational distribution of the primary and secondary variables. A score-based approach is developed for estimation of causal st"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1411.2755","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:53Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XJE9fqf+Qp33GYOMFgTQITLQISQIzqIMTNgIcbkrdr+3xFYYIGFDhtmCjxr/d7SE0tRyBkpD+X/m/rCPl47cAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T11:45:44.151174Z"},"content_sha256":"e74e2b25f477cef2e72c6f9275c3d6807b83d712d8f706c3f928b95587ad3271","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e74e2b25f477cef2e72c6f9275c3d6807b83d712d8f706c3f928b95587ad3271"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NYXPFWGH3NXT2ZT5K3J3IZFDBI/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/NYXPFWGH3NXT2ZT5K3J3IZFDBI/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NYXPFWGH3NXT2ZT5K3J3IZFDBI/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-10T11:45:44Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/NYXPFWGH3NXT2ZT5K3J3IZFDBI","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/NYXPFWGH3NXT2ZT5K3J3IZFDBI/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/NYXPFWGH3NXT2ZT5K3J3IZFDBI/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/NYXPFWGH3NXT2ZT5K3J3IZFDBI/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:NYXPFWGH3NXT2ZT5K3J3IZFDBI","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0b4e67c7cd245ed350828192893440923873503a4aa6401fa2076e493960123f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2014-11-11T10:33:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"01fb4551843800afa10bfb1e65be1ca6e4d31c8eabe03e0307b45aa330c5ed86"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1411.2755","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1411.2755","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1411.2755v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1411.2755","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:53Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"NYXPFWGH3NXT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"NYXPFWGH3NXT2ZT5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"NYXPFWGH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:41Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e74e2b25f477cef2e72c6f9275c3d6807b83d712d8f706c3f928b95587ad3271","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This paper considers inference of causal structure in a class of graphical models called \"conditional DAGs\". These are directed acyclic graph (DAG) models with two kinds of variables, primary and secondary. The secondary variables are used to aid in estimation of causal relationships between the primary variables. We give causal semantics for this model class and prove that, under certain assumptions, the direction of causal influence is identifiable from the joint observational distribution of the primary and secondary variables. A score-based approach is developed for estimation of causal st","authors_text":"Chris J. Oates, Jim Q. Smith, Sach Mukherjee","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2014-11-11T10:33:26Z","title":"Estimating causal structure using conditional DAG models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1411.2755","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:310a0905d5ad78b0763359489ec4419397ffae680714f473138e5f3932dbd40d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:53Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0b4e67c7cd245ed350828192893440923873503a4aa6401fa2076e493960123f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2014-11-11T10:33:26Z","title_canon_sha256":"01fb4551843800afa10bfb1e65be1ca6e4d31c8eabe03e0307b45aa330c5ed86"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1411.2755","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"6e2ef2d8c7db6f3d667d56d3b464a30a117d3610bacbe3c5caeda37647d95959","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"6e2ef2d8c7db6f3d667d56d3b464a30a117d3610bacbe3c5caeda37647d95959","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:53.136946Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:53.136946Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"FmI2aGML92h8Zrs7doL5mMXl2SB+ITDzbDnCL2VdIqcwp0OLYDxOP76rq+ZxNkRUJEqbmq45wKpUCaYt5MT4DA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:37:53.137481Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1411.2755","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:310a0905d5ad78b0763359489ec4419397ffae680714f473138e5f3932dbd40d","sha256:e74e2b25f477cef2e72c6f9275c3d6807b83d712d8f706c3f928b95587ad3271"],"state_sha256":"a789cb40e6c58a83411401dc5fe2cfdb4ab227da16d2708814dbeb1ac3998cea"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CUCQFd4heOo5rlsa54q428+a3qifeXjK/usH4zvBH5tfnunPkmMTIhI8HUNCvWi1PoiM/9w4CI52YeXGCAz9CQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T11:45:44.155099Z","bundle_sha256":"5635d1be7078f5afb8524056c58b5d6ecd66b26ff4629554e46c16d0110a9cfa"}}