{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:O32KQ5RGMP3WTVUAU5OATLW5C5","short_pith_number":"pith:O32KQ5RG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1202.2877","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2012-02-13T21:41:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7b04f6af2d673c52cf1791066dbe345d9d13efa88dbe2fe0e0c0411110fd51c0","abstract_canon_sha256":"d91cc11d24380d5300ed9cbd914857a34f5186642cb2de627a6ef2f8e836106c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"76f4a8762663f769d680a75c09aedd1742da20aab90eef71827ec09a0f7032d7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1202.2877","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1202.2877","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:21:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1202.2877v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:21:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1202.2877","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:21:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"O32KQ5RGMP3W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"O32KQ5RGMP3WTVUA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"O32KQ5RG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:16Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:O32KQ5RGMP3WTVUAU5OATLW5C5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1202.2877","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2012-02-13T21:41:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7b04f6af2d673c52cf1791066dbe345d9d13efa88dbe2fe0e0c0411110fd51c0","abstract_canon_sha256":"d91cc11d24380d5300ed9cbd914857a34f5186642cb2de627a6ef2f8e836106c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"76f4a8762663f769d680a75c09aedd1742da20aab90eef71827ec09a0f7032d7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:21:17.871660Z","signature_b64":"CmF7IvHf6/AAD3VvTkn/hfwa1aLCfQzs9Y9/Gd8lgR7NY1SKbrZnRfr5tOKV0aWLYRLOPaiDKuL+dJ3a1qFBDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"76f4a8762663f769d680a75c09aedd1742da20aab90eef71827ec09a0f7032d7","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:21:17.870922Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:21:17.870922Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1202.2877","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:21:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yers+fMYH9hF9hCg4z1LBizr9UTJI5f7vqK49gveNut5/e99UYcJF6PpZyk8y0fZOXfaQdcDd2rFj5xECtoyAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T17:02:02.029581Z"},"content_sha256":"1172be94667d7130f825cfc95b51bcb41ebfee17deeaabf6e09de89b201912c5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1172be94667d7130f825cfc95b51bcb41ebfee17deeaabf6e09de89b201912c5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2012:O32KQ5RGMP3WTVUAU5OATLW5C5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Improving the Price of Anarchy for Selfish Routing via Coordination Mechanisms","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.GT","authors_text":"Evangelia Pyrga, George Christodoulou, Kurt Mehlhorn","submitted_at":"2012-02-13T21:41:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"We reconsider the well-studied Selfish Routing game with affine latency functions. The Price of Anarchy for this class of games takes maximum value 4/3; this maximum is attained already for a simple network of two parallel links, known as Pigou's network. We improve upon the value 4/3 by means of Coordination Mechanisms.\n  We increase the latency functions of the edges in the network, i.e., if $\\ell_e(x)$ is the latency function of an edge $e$, we replace it by $\\hat{\\ell}_e(x)$ with $\\ell_e(x) \\le \\hat{\\ell}_e(x)$ for all $x$. Then an adversary fixes a demand rate as input. The engineered Pri"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1202.2877","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:21:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HwYpA720n25YdmzgEZptNhktcN/R1OHER+pfBimzaNkXl7FOfeSGwCHqANPAYchOeMvmeGhWrl4T17Apv8teCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T17:02:02.030507Z"},"content_sha256":"54f5dbd404767ec1283b1d73e9ecffb2c680e8712f13bc2c9e4c73dae921e6f6","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:54f5dbd404767ec1283b1d73e9ecffb2c680e8712f13bc2c9e4c73dae921e6f6"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/O32KQ5RGMP3WTVUAU5OATLW5C5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/O32KQ5RGMP3WTVUAU5OATLW5C5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/O32KQ5RGMP3WTVUAU5OATLW5C5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-07T17:02:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/O32KQ5RGMP3WTVUAU5OATLW5C5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/O32KQ5RGMP3WTVUAU5OATLW5C5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/O32KQ5RGMP3WTVUAU5OATLW5C5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/O32KQ5RGMP3WTVUAU5OATLW5C5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2012:O32KQ5RGMP3WTVUAU5OATLW5C5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d91cc11d24380d5300ed9cbd914857a34f5186642cb2de627a6ef2f8e836106c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2012-02-13T21:41:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"7b04f6af2d673c52cf1791066dbe345d9d13efa88dbe2fe0e0c0411110fd51c0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1202.2877","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1202.2877","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:21:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1202.2877v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:21:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1202.2877","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:21:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"O32KQ5RGMP3W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"O32KQ5RGMP3WTVUA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"O32KQ5RG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:16Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:54f5dbd404767ec1283b1d73e9ecffb2c680e8712f13bc2c9e4c73dae921e6f6","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:21:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We reconsider the well-studied Selfish Routing game with affine latency functions. The Price of Anarchy for this class of games takes maximum value 4/3; this maximum is attained already for a simple network of two parallel links, known as Pigou's network. We improve upon the value 4/3 by means of Coordination Mechanisms.\n  We increase the latency functions of the edges in the network, i.e., if $\\ell_e(x)$ is the latency function of an edge $e$, we replace it by $\\hat{\\ell}_e(x)$ with $\\ell_e(x) \\le \\hat{\\ell}_e(x)$ for all $x$. Then an adversary fixes a demand rate as input. The engineered Pri","authors_text":"Evangelia Pyrga, George Christodoulou, Kurt Mehlhorn","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2012-02-13T21:41:11Z","title":"Improving the Price of Anarchy for Selfish Routing via Coordination Mechanisms"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1202.2877","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1172be94667d7130f825cfc95b51bcb41ebfee17deeaabf6e09de89b201912c5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:21:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d91cc11d24380d5300ed9cbd914857a34f5186642cb2de627a6ef2f8e836106c","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.GT","submitted_at":"2012-02-13T21:41:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"7b04f6af2d673c52cf1791066dbe345d9d13efa88dbe2fe0e0c0411110fd51c0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1202.2877","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"76f4a8762663f769d680a75c09aedd1742da20aab90eef71827ec09a0f7032d7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"76f4a8762663f769d680a75c09aedd1742da20aab90eef71827ec09a0f7032d7","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:21:17.870922Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:21:17.870922Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"CmF7IvHf6/AAD3VvTkn/hfwa1aLCfQzs9Y9/Gd8lgR7NY1SKbrZnRfr5tOKV0aWLYRLOPaiDKuL+dJ3a1qFBDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:21:17.871660Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1202.2877","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1172be94667d7130f825cfc95b51bcb41ebfee17deeaabf6e09de89b201912c5","sha256:54f5dbd404767ec1283b1d73e9ecffb2c680e8712f13bc2c9e4c73dae921e6f6"],"state_sha256":"27a8c3c81b8cf6be8af9c8c45ab735777ec0b90c646ff64e6e450ef697089859"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rO6MzLVFX2E4zaJA/RKOS9DPm3kVnEhDP6KNvloqgILix2SNmkGRwyXJkFw/S4XvIEN9HdZdNL3abhS/Dyb4CQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-07T17:02:02.034253Z","bundle_sha256":"476cc8699d21ce8efe57900d2755499ed5f51fbf56de1294e1bf33b8085c2816"}}