{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:O3A6WZOTMKFLKEDRJULTHIPSSY","short_pith_number":"pith:O3A6WZOT","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2012.14756","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-12-29T14:06:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9494ae3ddbcdeaeed0057864117bbb2f477e6f827b05383bdf0a0771a5402450","abstract_canon_sha256":"42d2a37f0b8e29e57d43bd029dc46080ad8119587e29a986086bbca2e0e97f55"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"76c1eb65d3628ab510714d1733a1f29606fd72b403861bfc3bfd23e96b2d45f6","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2012.14756","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2012.14756","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2012.14756v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2012.14756","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"O3A6WZOTMKFL","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"O3A6WZOTMKFLKEDR","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"O3A6WZOT","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:01Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:O3A6WZOTMKFLKEDRJULTHIPSSY","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2012.14756","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-12-29T14:06:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"9494ae3ddbcdeaeed0057864117bbb2f477e6f827b05383bdf0a0771a5402450","abstract_canon_sha256":"42d2a37f0b8e29e57d43bd029dc46080ad8119587e29a986086bbca2e0e97f55"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"76c1eb65d3628ab510714d1733a1f29606fd72b403861bfc3bfd23e96b2d45f6","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:01.087473Z","signature_b64":"Sb5bgb+PkKkQBI9fw7Msr9gD/Ck+KaqAz9H25eRAk9HOIdLOParY48Ma8vJF5tNoKGhNXhiqbIzleV6BW0k6BA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"76c1eb65d3628ab510714d1733a1f29606fd72b403861bfc3bfd23e96b2d45f6","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:01.087010Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:01.087010Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2012.14756","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xvo47HaFLXRQzLBdjC/YTI1zJFQltw/4ZvBzKTrRLs3NglV0zQ18+T0XqzOdelX2hvtKGah1r9Nr2dROJNwLDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T05:44:02.893604Z"},"content_sha256":"c0a48abaacd3983d20136308b37ba3841593fb3a66f7227002775a6a14a1020a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c0a48abaacd3983d20136308b37ba3841593fb3a66f7227002775a6a14a1020a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:O3A6WZOTMKFLKEDRJULTHIPSSY","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Dialogue Response Selection with Hierarchical Curriculum Learning","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Deng Cai, Nigel Collier, Qingyu Zhou, Shuming Shi, Simon Baker, Yan Wang, Yixuan Su, Yunbo Cao, Zibo Lin","submitted_at":"2020-12-29T14:06:41Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study the learning of a matching model for dialogue response selection. Motivated by the recent finding that models trained with random negative samples are not ideal in real-world scenarios, we propose a hierarchical curriculum learning framework that trains the matching model in an \"easy-to-difficult\" scheme. Our learning framework consists of two complementary curricula: (1) corpus-level curriculum (CC); and (2) instance-level curriculum (IC). In CC, the model gradually increases its ability in finding the matching clues between the dialogue context and a response candidate. As for IC, i"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2012.14756","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2012.14756/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:01Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nBjWp20Mk6IvFFRcfTZNYE/4oQRu/vqm3hDfbHRWMEokFb2TOUe6rJjsrru/vIk52ujJgX2+ggRFnfAdIkGeCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T05:44:02.894099Z"},"content_sha256":"e02021dda2677a5aac947a07096bb61a501830d223225e7ca2d6c62ccf623922","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e02021dda2677a5aac947a07096bb61a501830d223225e7ca2d6c62ccf623922"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/O3A6WZOTMKFLKEDRJULTHIPSSY/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/O3A6WZOTMKFLKEDRJULTHIPSSY/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/O3A6WZOTMKFLKEDRJULTHIPSSY/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T05:44:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/O3A6WZOTMKFLKEDRJULTHIPSSY","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/O3A6WZOTMKFLKEDRJULTHIPSSY/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/O3A6WZOTMKFLKEDRJULTHIPSSY/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/O3A6WZOTMKFLKEDRJULTHIPSSY/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:O3A6WZOTMKFLKEDRJULTHIPSSY","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"42d2a37f0b8e29e57d43bd029dc46080ad8119587e29a986086bbca2e0e97f55","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-12-29T14:06:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"9494ae3ddbcdeaeed0057864117bbb2f477e6f827b05383bdf0a0771a5402450"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2012.14756","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2012.14756","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2012.14756v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2012.14756","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"O3A6WZOTMKFL","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"O3A6WZOTMKFLKEDR","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"O3A6WZOT","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:01Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e02021dda2677a5aac947a07096bb61a501830d223225e7ca2d6c62ccf623922","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2012.14756/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We study the learning of a matching model for dialogue response selection. Motivated by the recent finding that models trained with random negative samples are not ideal in real-world scenarios, we propose a hierarchical curriculum learning framework that trains the matching model in an \"easy-to-difficult\" scheme. Our learning framework consists of two complementary curricula: (1) corpus-level curriculum (CC); and (2) instance-level curriculum (IC). In CC, the model gradually increases its ability in finding the matching clues between the dialogue context and a response candidate. As for IC, i","authors_text":"Deng Cai, Nigel Collier, Qingyu Zhou, Shuming Shi, Simon Baker, Yan Wang, Yixuan Su, Yunbo Cao, Zibo Lin","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-12-29T14:06:41Z","title":"Dialogue Response Selection with Hierarchical Curriculum Learning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2012.14756","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c0a48abaacd3983d20136308b37ba3841593fb3a66f7227002775a6a14a1020a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:01Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"42d2a37f0b8e29e57d43bd029dc46080ad8119587e29a986086bbca2e0e97f55","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-12-29T14:06:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"9494ae3ddbcdeaeed0057864117bbb2f477e6f827b05383bdf0a0771a5402450"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2012.14756","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"76c1eb65d3628ab510714d1733a1f29606fd72b403861bfc3bfd23e96b2d45f6","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"76c1eb65d3628ab510714d1733a1f29606fd72b403861bfc3bfd23e96b2d45f6","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:01.087010Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:01.087010Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Sb5bgb+PkKkQBI9fw7Msr9gD/Ck+KaqAz9H25eRAk9HOIdLOParY48Ma8vJF5tNoKGhNXhiqbIzleV6BW0k6BA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:10:01.087473Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2012.14756","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c0a48abaacd3983d20136308b37ba3841593fb3a66f7227002775a6a14a1020a","sha256:e02021dda2677a5aac947a07096bb61a501830d223225e7ca2d6c62ccf623922"],"state_sha256":"e25e40e0917596ce240cf20ac36a48965ce6d817ba391566f834383344b187f1"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"W6CUmY/hmgzXm1iLcsUufONvDqHLUIcrBOaQQdIIhixFeAtX1/Zix/SQM4/d0/afYCOZQe97G2iP9p1Xm6J/Dw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T05:44:02.897353Z","bundle_sha256":"d8a03a03b77a4a73a8eff54499a29710d73c742d80a8cf40114b8d8f4f8340c0"}}