{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:O4LXAIH7AST5S6SMWSU3HRQEEO","short_pith_number":"pith:O4LXAIH7","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2302.06609","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2023-02-10T19:35:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"0edf83315513e49a139aad1938d8502c6abe105f55620f50e745c918612a3c82","abstract_canon_sha256":"e650cb06dac60244837ce6f60ca5a31fde35ce7f6b48d5401617f459427a1e41"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"77177020ff04a7d97a4cb4a9b3c60423a3c2de3d05c0fd00c7393be9d3ae65ff","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2302.06609","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2302.06609","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2302.06609v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2302.06609","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"O4LXAIH7AST5","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"O4LXAIH7AST5S6SM","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"O4LXAIH7","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:O4LXAIH7AST5S6SMWSU3HRQEEO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2302.06609","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2023-02-10T19:35:57Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"0edf83315513e49a139aad1938d8502c6abe105f55620f50e745c918612a3c82","abstract_canon_sha256":"e650cb06dac60244837ce6f60ca5a31fde35ce7f6b48d5401617f459427a1e41"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"77177020ff04a7d97a4cb4a9b3c60423a3c2de3d05c0fd00c7393be9d3ae65ff","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:52.460606Z","signature_b64":"Gxu4SXG2YcILUSu4tXv2hyv4KrS9uk9KwIHsceQUYUsOak/ehB2Oz/ksHqsnE/y+4ibynnA2KfLJEkn9oZKhCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"77177020ff04a7d97a4cb4a9b3c60423a3c2de3d05c0fd00c7393be9d3ae65ff","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:52.460084Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:52.460084Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2302.06609","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mYNGd8nw5bxbO+SAOR7fFWBN1Pu5WSgYubEC3t5JWZhUeGVO0g9Sb3PvZp+jG9XqA13Ks6SnoYZ4t37a52ZuAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T00:39:29.682566Z"},"content_sha256":"5496f4e470a8fc2dbec820a58f7b3845890eba39b2711abc0c3da5e3a07f77be","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5496f4e470a8fc2dbec820a58f7b3845890eba39b2711abc0c3da5e3a07f77be"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:O4LXAIH7AST5S6SMWSU3HRQEEO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Invisible Users: Uncovering End-Users' Requirements for Explainable AI via Explanation Forms and Goals","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.HC","authors_text":"Diane Gromala, Ghassan Hamarneh, Jianyu Fan, Philippe Pasquier, Weina Jin","submitted_at":"2023-02-10T19:35:57Z","abstract_excerpt":"Non-technical end-users are silent and invisible users of the state-of-the-art explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) technologies. Their demands and requirements for AI explainability are not incorporated into the design and evaluation of XAI techniques, which are developed to explain the rationales of AI decisions to end-users and assist their critical decisions. This makes XAI techniques ineffective or even harmful in high-stakes applications, such as healthcare, criminal justice, finance, and autonomous driving systems. To systematically understand end-users' requirements to support the"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2302.06609","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2302.06609/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"nf3QDt9jFGizAXXidAxQlsQiTpam0XA30I88Jfo/MrSliJVB4gz1IJeXB65StcBfLKsAtQZpuAYW+fbBundFBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T00:39:29.683130Z"},"content_sha256":"f60d1107ca6cd051b7fdfe1f298656c994412023ccdd6af5d7e81f9e08b24536","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f60d1107ca6cd051b7fdfe1f298656c994412023ccdd6af5d7e81f9e08b24536"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/O4LXAIH7AST5S6SMWSU3HRQEEO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/O4LXAIH7AST5S6SMWSU3HRQEEO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/O4LXAIH7AST5S6SMWSU3HRQEEO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T00:39:29Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/O4LXAIH7AST5S6SMWSU3HRQEEO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/O4LXAIH7AST5S6SMWSU3HRQEEO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/O4LXAIH7AST5S6SMWSU3HRQEEO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/O4LXAIH7AST5S6SMWSU3HRQEEO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:O4LXAIH7AST5S6SMWSU3HRQEEO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e650cb06dac60244837ce6f60ca5a31fde35ce7f6b48d5401617f459427a1e41","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2023-02-10T19:35:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"0edf83315513e49a139aad1938d8502c6abe105f55620f50e745c918612a3c82"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2302.06609","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2302.06609","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2302.06609v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2302.06609","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"O4LXAIH7AST5","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"O4LXAIH7AST5S6SM","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"O4LXAIH7","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f60d1107ca6cd051b7fdfe1f298656c994412023ccdd6af5d7e81f9e08b24536","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2302.06609/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Non-technical end-users are silent and invisible users of the state-of-the-art explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) technologies. Their demands and requirements for AI explainability are not incorporated into the design and evaluation of XAI techniques, which are developed to explain the rationales of AI decisions to end-users and assist their critical decisions. This makes XAI techniques ineffective or even harmful in high-stakes applications, such as healthcare, criminal justice, finance, and autonomous driving systems. To systematically understand end-users' requirements to support the","authors_text":"Diane Gromala, Ghassan Hamarneh, Jianyu Fan, Philippe Pasquier, Weina Jin","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2023-02-10T19:35:57Z","title":"Invisible Users: Uncovering End-Users' Requirements for Explainable AI via Explanation Forms and Goals"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2302.06609","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:5496f4e470a8fc2dbec820a58f7b3845890eba39b2711abc0c3da5e3a07f77be","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e650cb06dac60244837ce6f60ca5a31fde35ce7f6b48d5401617f459427a1e41","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.HC","submitted_at":"2023-02-10T19:35:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"0edf83315513e49a139aad1938d8502c6abe105f55620f50e745c918612a3c82"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2302.06609","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"77177020ff04a7d97a4cb4a9b3c60423a3c2de3d05c0fd00c7393be9d3ae65ff","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"77177020ff04a7d97a4cb4a9b3c60423a3c2de3d05c0fd00c7393be9d3ae65ff","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:52.460084Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:52.460084Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Gxu4SXG2YcILUSu4tXv2hyv4KrS9uk9KwIHsceQUYUsOak/ehB2Oz/ksHqsnE/y+4ibynnA2KfLJEkn9oZKhCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:41:52.460606Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2302.06609","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:5496f4e470a8fc2dbec820a58f7b3845890eba39b2711abc0c3da5e3a07f77be","sha256:f60d1107ca6cd051b7fdfe1f298656c994412023ccdd6af5d7e81f9e08b24536"],"state_sha256":"07f8a00155518c39030cd80a6c49e480154d3a742ee4ca87aac1e65b0109a804"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"loj04NP0nnAKysCq4Nd7L3LnX7DJ23QdOm0ZX9aV9M76229CPUTH76nXoBR1GYENnlsmLr9fJSa+r5gRH4MEAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T00:39:29.688053Z","bundle_sha256":"9ea250edb6ac9518e0065b53f5727102bd716fc05f7d635c9244f995c6ff62b8"}}