{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:O4XU24S6U7Y6HARF56223VI3AP","short_pith_number":"pith:O4XU24S6","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2009.14795","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2020-09-30T17:10:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"170d65babf2ed920fea90bd5d82633523f97b91622f4cb7256e444d4d8849721","abstract_canon_sha256":"cf8d26a67ddfa35256592a702cd67148546ccde4fe3043184ec9a191a3f57683"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"772f4d725ea7f1e38225efb5add51b03e08552be1408d76a51be096ef4411ed9","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2009.14795","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2009.14795","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2009.14795v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2009.14795","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"O4XU24S6U7Y6","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"O4XU24S6U7Y6HARF","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"O4XU24S6","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:39Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:O4XU24S6U7Y6HARF56223VI3AP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2009.14795","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2020-09-30T17:10:37Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"170d65babf2ed920fea90bd5d82633523f97b91622f4cb7256e444d4d8849721","abstract_canon_sha256":"cf8d26a67ddfa35256592a702cd67148546ccde4fe3043184ec9a191a3f57683"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"772f4d725ea7f1e38225efb5add51b03e08552be1408d76a51be096ef4411ed9","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:39.230589Z","signature_b64":"Ac74HovuGCcBcBIrEdcQR3yPaOiT0PqccNdTixMHX7DGnGdlzLAjE5wmDv+VsS1AsFyDMdAUuG4SF19nlA+4Bw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"772f4d725ea7f1e38225efb5add51b03e08552be1408d76a51be096ef4411ed9","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:39.230243Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:39.230243Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2009.14795","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uFHhqcAo84XKet1ZdElAvU/aQPAlzuhQNY5gwhOALJu9AZiJf3vAUEezY2E6J5z6jy6BsTHaNZ0G5YytiedyAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T19:12:45.989912Z"},"content_sha256":"42438b417f3d137e0b8f28f48f10b9df3e79422ad93492f223b17e4762063496","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:42438b417f3d137e0b8f28f48f10b9df3e79422ad93492f223b17e4762063496"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:O4XU24S6U7Y6HARF56223VI3AP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Explaining AI as an Exploratory Process: The Peircean Abduction Model","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"Robert R. Hoffman, Shane T. Mueller, William J. Clancey","submitted_at":"2020-09-30T17:10:37Z","abstract_excerpt":"Current discussions of \"Explainable AI\" (XAI) do not much consider the role of abduction in explanatory reasoning (see Mueller, et al., 2018). It might be worthwhile to pursue this, to develop intelligent systems that allow for the observation and analysis of abductive reasoning and the assessment of abductive reasoning as a learnable skill. Abductive inference has been defined in many ways. For example, it has been defined as the achievement of insight. Most often abduction is taken as a single, punctuated act of syllogistic reasoning, like making a deductive or inductive inference from given"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2009.14795","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2009.14795/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:39Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EUYXHYsPhH3+PKbypCoq5HVtQf5Fd7aqLRhmnRwb1x+elD/Y2RrTn+xApevI/E7y2Gp/8EqPbTPnat1C6TF5AQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T19:12:45.990441Z"},"content_sha256":"697f2821af16002c1cef701bb26d37cb16325615a31d7d069a432e2d7cb8dd74","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:697f2821af16002c1cef701bb26d37cb16325615a31d7d069a432e2d7cb8dd74"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/O4XU24S6U7Y6HARF56223VI3AP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/O4XU24S6U7Y6HARF56223VI3AP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/O4XU24S6U7Y6HARF56223VI3AP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-12T19:12:45Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/O4XU24S6U7Y6HARF56223VI3AP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/O4XU24S6U7Y6HARF56223VI3AP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/O4XU24S6U7Y6HARF56223VI3AP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/O4XU24S6U7Y6HARF56223VI3AP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:O4XU24S6U7Y6HARF56223VI3AP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cf8d26a67ddfa35256592a702cd67148546ccde4fe3043184ec9a191a3f57683","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2020-09-30T17:10:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"170d65babf2ed920fea90bd5d82633523f97b91622f4cb7256e444d4d8849721"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2009.14795","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2009.14795","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2009.14795v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2009.14795","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"O4XU24S6U7Y6","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"O4XU24S6U7Y6HARF","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"O4XU24S6","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:39Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:697f2821af16002c1cef701bb26d37cb16325615a31d7d069a432e2d7cb8dd74","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2009.14795/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Current discussions of \"Explainable AI\" (XAI) do not much consider the role of abduction in explanatory reasoning (see Mueller, et al., 2018). It might be worthwhile to pursue this, to develop intelligent systems that allow for the observation and analysis of abductive reasoning and the assessment of abductive reasoning as a learnable skill. Abductive inference has been defined in many ways. For example, it has been defined as the achievement of insight. Most often abduction is taken as a single, punctuated act of syllogistic reasoning, like making a deductive or inductive inference from given","authors_text":"Robert R. Hoffman, Shane T. Mueller, William J. Clancey","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2020-09-30T17:10:37Z","title":"Explaining AI as an Exploratory Process: The Peircean Abduction Model"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2009.14795","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:42438b417f3d137e0b8f28f48f10b9df3e79422ad93492f223b17e4762063496","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:39Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"cf8d26a67ddfa35256592a702cd67148546ccde4fe3043184ec9a191a3f57683","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2020-09-30T17:10:37Z","title_canon_sha256":"170d65babf2ed920fea90bd5d82633523f97b91622f4cb7256e444d4d8849721"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2009.14795","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"772f4d725ea7f1e38225efb5add51b03e08552be1408d76a51be096ef4411ed9","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"772f4d725ea7f1e38225efb5add51b03e08552be1408d76a51be096ef4411ed9","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:39.230243Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:39.230243Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Ac74HovuGCcBcBIrEdcQR3yPaOiT0PqccNdTixMHX7DGnGdlzLAjE5wmDv+VsS1AsFyDMdAUuG4SF19nlA+4Bw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:39:39.230589Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2009.14795","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:42438b417f3d137e0b8f28f48f10b9df3e79422ad93492f223b17e4762063496","sha256:697f2821af16002c1cef701bb26d37cb16325615a31d7d069a432e2d7cb8dd74"],"state_sha256":"a05f3f417dd1f638dbc3a91ef048d3b969d4496fe8c659b0e14d024951884b0e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QcmmNoE/sA5Wlu11Nac67rOBOZGh7LfrJM1B1C9jCr38t2dHGVt5eiX6hplv4of/Da040TTeNUY9YlM+pongCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T19:12:45.994611Z","bundle_sha256":"bce0419e8f44f9eee2a723e98bba2a6b3add05d410f40abe29704a44ec6fd23e"}}