{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2018:O4YBRKSZXYAFVJVAP6OFG3R674","short_pith_number":"pith:O4YBRKSZ","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"773018aa59be005aa6a07f9c536e3eff0c99835164a18acbe970faf7242322dd","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1803.04658","version":3},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Quantum thermodynamics of single particle systems","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.stat-mech"],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Md. Manirul Ali, Wei-Ming Huang, Wei-Min Zhang","submitted_at":"2018-03-13T07:08:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"Classical thermodynamics is built with the concept of equilibrium states. However, it is less clear how equilibrium thermodynamics emerges through the dynamics that follows the principle of quantum mechanics. In this paper, we develop a theory to study the exact nonequilibrium thermodynamics of quantum systems that is applicable to arbitrary small systems, even for single particle systems, in contact with a reservoir. We generalize the concept of temperature into nonequilibrium regime that depends on the detailed dynamics of quantum states. When we apply the theory to the cavity system and the"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1803.04658","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2018-03-13T07:08:39Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech"],"title_canon_sha256":"49476dfdc37f2c216c2337b25cd694eb9c49b658ad57eab6bd21a3afee8e0a7f","abstract_canon_sha256":"49f62a0797eb76c9818af03724d73da899a13c3bb03a15b524645bf230e93743"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:14.493215Z","signature_b64":"/xERyan1W3+SY7i1jXppCb6ATxVogS6bWSWaM1T5Ve1LAvXSoeX2DipMBzaHve2iweZtTmAF3aWeOUpgAUKtDQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"773018aa59be005aa6a07f9c536e3eff0c99835164a18acbe970faf7242322dd","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:14.492637Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:14.492637Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Quantum thermodynamics of single particle systems","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.stat-mech"],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Md. Manirul Ali, Wei-Ming Huang, Wei-Min Zhang","submitted_at":"2018-03-13T07:08:39Z","abstract_excerpt":"Classical thermodynamics is built with the concept of equilibrium states. However, it is less clear how equilibrium thermodynamics emerges through the dynamics that follows the principle of quantum mechanics. In this paper, we develop a theory to study the exact nonequilibrium thermodynamics of quantum systems that is applicable to arbitrary small systems, even for single particle systems, in contact with a reservoir. We generalize the concept of temperature into nonequilibrium regime that depends on the detailed dynamics of quantum states. When we apply the theory to the cavity system and the"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1803.04658","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1803.04658","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:14.492724+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1803.04658v3","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:14.492724+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1803.04658","created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:14.492724+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"O4YBRKSZXYAF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:40.477152+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"O4YBRKSZXYAFVJVA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:40.477152+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"O4YBRKSZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:40.477152+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/O4YBRKSZXYAFVJVAP6OFG3R674","json":"https://pith.science/pith/O4YBRKSZXYAFVJVAP6OFG3R674.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/O4YBRKSZXYAFVJVAP6OFG3R674/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/O4YBRKSZXYAFVJVAP6OFG3R674/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/O4YBRKSZ"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/O4YBRKSZXYAFVJVAP6OFG3R674","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/O4YBRKSZXYAFVJVAP6OFG3R674.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/O4YBRKSZ","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1803.04658&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/O4YBRKSZXYAFVJVAP6OFG3R674/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/O4YBRKSZXYAFVJVAP6OFG3R674/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/O4YBRKSZXYAFVJVAP6OFG3R674/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/O4YBRKSZXYAFVJVAP6OFG3R674/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/O4YBRKSZXYAFVJVAP6OFG3R674/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/O4YBRKSZXYAFVJVAP6OFG3R674/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/O4YBRKSZXYAFVJVAP6OFG3R674/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:14.492724+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-17T23:58:14.492724+00:00"}