{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:O5NNSVBXVRNLP2QZIPBW4IXX34","short_pith_number":"pith:O5NNSVBX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2504.03022","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-04-03T20:40:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"72952febbd25c5373829b11e7f2bf52f223873dc99481afa3c8cd42efa996e9b","abstract_canon_sha256":"398a5cbd339d8ca7c4d480b712dc6d9919ae610c68fd7d8cbc2029c3cb4159ce"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"775ad95437ac5ab7ea1943c36e22f7df19aace4c7912a9ae290aca29bc9321a1","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2504.03022","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2504.03022","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2504.03022v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2504.03022","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"O5NNSVBXVRNL","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"O5NNSVBXVRNLP2QZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"O5NNSVBX","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:O5NNSVBXVRNLP2QZIPBW4IXX34","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2504.03022","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-04-03T20:40:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"72952febbd25c5373829b11e7f2bf52f223873dc99481afa3c8cd42efa996e9b","abstract_canon_sha256":"398a5cbd339d8ca7c4d480b712dc6d9919ae610c68fd7d8cbc2029c3cb4159ce"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"775ad95437ac5ab7ea1943c36e22f7df19aace4c7912a9ae290aca29bc9321a1","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:52.077684Z","signature_b64":"6s3yx+L5PmkduMgF6aCfcP+BQsl8uUXFIpp9Oi/BGl6WF7nN8mQLRvL7+HtBDXOgy4lazwnjIfbSfqLd80KZCQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"775ad95437ac5ab7ea1943c36e22f7df19aace4c7912a9ae290aca29bc9321a1","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:52.077130Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:52.077130Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2504.03022","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"l4J9ITTr+BR1a8RSnCJZSMIBTt8cwm+xcw0dJ7xhtMsUZoWL8t3LwXblsC5JaU7nnWeUDkx2EFUoMIWAul5WDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T07:13:33.244446Z"},"content_sha256":"463c92c98b53e6ebf81a8b145de4b971e3ec402b868a35232e9de3a979d87722","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:463c92c98b53e6ebf81a8b145de4b971e3ec402b868a35232e9de3a979d87722"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:O5NNSVBXVRNLP2QZIPBW4IXX34","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Dual-Route Model of Induction","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Byron Wallace, David Bau, Eric Todd, Sheridan Feucht","submitted_at":"2025-04-03T20:40:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"Prior work on in-context copying has shown the existence of induction heads, which attend to and promote individual tokens during copying. In this work we discover a new type of induction head: concept-level induction heads, which copy entire lexical units instead of individual tokens. Concept induction heads learn to attend to the ends of multi-token words throughout training, working in parallel with token-level induction heads to copy meaningful text. We show that these heads are responsible for semantic tasks like word-level translation, whereas token induction heads are vital for tasks th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2504.03022","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2504.03022/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mtR9INFLPXX0U7kvEOMyc2z6uJe4bG5WCRvcv6zOf33q0E4G3fxc4DliFgHmwu4glWZMci6RLU+3XwpLs2CsCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T07:13:33.245010Z"},"content_sha256":"62bda62d2a7ee14fb68c3e63caddd37979fc9493afef1590df5cdf7fdcf414f7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:62bda62d2a7ee14fb68c3e63caddd37979fc9493afef1590df5cdf7fdcf414f7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/O5NNSVBXVRNLP2QZIPBW4IXX34/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/O5NNSVBXVRNLP2QZIPBW4IXX34/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/O5NNSVBXVRNLP2QZIPBW4IXX34/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-20T07:13:33Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/O5NNSVBXVRNLP2QZIPBW4IXX34","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/O5NNSVBXVRNLP2QZIPBW4IXX34/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/O5NNSVBXVRNLP2QZIPBW4IXX34/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/O5NNSVBXVRNLP2QZIPBW4IXX34/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:O5NNSVBXVRNLP2QZIPBW4IXX34","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"398a5cbd339d8ca7c4d480b712dc6d9919ae610c68fd7d8cbc2029c3cb4159ce","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-04-03T20:40:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"72952febbd25c5373829b11e7f2bf52f223873dc99481afa3c8cd42efa996e9b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2504.03022","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2504.03022","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2504.03022v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2504.03022","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"O5NNSVBXVRNL","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"O5NNSVBXVRNLP2QZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"O5NNSVBX","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:62bda62d2a7ee14fb68c3e63caddd37979fc9493afef1590df5cdf7fdcf414f7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2504.03022/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Prior work on in-context copying has shown the existence of induction heads, which attend to and promote individual tokens during copying. In this work we discover a new type of induction head: concept-level induction heads, which copy entire lexical units instead of individual tokens. Concept induction heads learn to attend to the ends of multi-token words throughout training, working in parallel with token-level induction heads to copy meaningful text. We show that these heads are responsible for semantic tasks like word-level translation, whereas token induction heads are vital for tasks th","authors_text":"Byron Wallace, David Bau, Eric Todd, Sheridan Feucht","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-04-03T20:40:31Z","title":"The Dual-Route Model of Induction"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2504.03022","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:463c92c98b53e6ebf81a8b145de4b971e3ec402b868a35232e9de3a979d87722","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"398a5cbd339d8ca7c4d480b712dc6d9919ae610c68fd7d8cbc2029c3cb4159ce","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-04-03T20:40:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"72952febbd25c5373829b11e7f2bf52f223873dc99481afa3c8cd42efa996e9b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2504.03022","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"775ad95437ac5ab7ea1943c36e22f7df19aace4c7912a9ae290aca29bc9321a1","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"775ad95437ac5ab7ea1943c36e22f7df19aace4c7912a9ae290aca29bc9321a1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:52.077130Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:52.077130Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"6s3yx+L5PmkduMgF6aCfcP+BQsl8uUXFIpp9Oi/BGl6WF7nN8mQLRvL7+HtBDXOgy4lazwnjIfbSfqLd80KZCQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:39:52.077684Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2504.03022","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:463c92c98b53e6ebf81a8b145de4b971e3ec402b868a35232e9de3a979d87722","sha256:62bda62d2a7ee14fb68c3e63caddd37979fc9493afef1590df5cdf7fdcf414f7"],"state_sha256":"3839da13474b0fa31d7b160cd922febe96603903065bb4ce5c5753671c1815ac"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"GBn1k4oT9d9PWnfTf+z371rOyr/8XL5LCwziDTYW8b5c0AyfRtGhbvT7qcX/WQxg1rdbpTKoy1nx+qTqZ+VrDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-20T07:13:33.250038Z","bundle_sha256":"c74307a82b02c1a74228460fb179949e4058325b1272d8272745b8ab46fa34b4"}}