{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:O5TPTV6IGGNOJDEPQEHPDDJCR6","short_pith_number":"pith:O5TPTV6I","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1108.2455","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2011-08-11T16:34:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"424898abd413adbcf5c1d336faf4a7f692707e91c4ef349f78033f4b084b3bbb","abstract_canon_sha256":"ecc1890bc57bde7eee6e362ca8a7edf1f552d34f8016ec211fcb6f397b98cb79"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7766f9d7c8319ae48c8f810ef18d228f972f936538c1103da04964763eda5a67","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1108.2455","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1108.2455","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1108.2455v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1108.2455","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"O5TPTV6IGGNO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"O5TPTV6IGGNOJDEP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"O5TPTV6I","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:O5TPTV6IGGNOJDEPQEHPDDJCR6","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1108.2455","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2011-08-11T16:34:49Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"424898abd413adbcf5c1d336faf4a7f692707e91c4ef349f78033f4b084b3bbb","abstract_canon_sha256":"ecc1890bc57bde7eee6e362ca8a7edf1f552d34f8016ec211fcb6f397b98cb79"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7766f9d7c8319ae48c8f810ef18d228f972f936538c1103da04964763eda5a67","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:37.669701Z","signature_b64":"HPZvoR6ac9zDAHgDcxJayA+sW+4dMKgYH+Ude5xhGiyfE0Ahspy0fnIVYbx3SFUW35N4jnDzVY7KVREBWnC9Dw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7766f9d7c8319ae48c8f810ef18d228f972f936538c1103da04964763eda5a67","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:37.668736Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:37.668736Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1108.2455","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fs8ryPVpu4puZz0G0w+Q60qznrv6pca6FkWCr/shEMnsAv+o7DXLSelFu/jAx1+vH5kIcOb3KzYVohy2IP1BCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T04:42:36.929561Z"},"content_sha256":"58190a2a97c8edfec823820a6e34081fa6d3d073f82b4442822aa93a39581895","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:58190a2a97c8edfec823820a6e34081fa6d3d073f82b4442822aa93a39581895"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2011:O5TPTV6IGGNOJDEPQEHPDDJCR6","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The Food Crises and Political Instability in North Africa and the Middle East","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","authors_text":"Karla Z. Bertrand, Marco Lagi, Yaneer Bar-Yam","submitted_at":"2011-08-11T16:34:49Z","abstract_excerpt":"Social unrest may reflect a variety of factors such as poverty, unemployment, and social injustice. Despite the many possible contributing factors, the timing of violent protests in North Africa and the Middle East in 2011 as well as earlier riots in 2008 coincides with large peaks in global food prices. We identify a specific food price threshold above which protests become likely. These observations suggest that protests may reflect not only long-standing political failings of governments, but also the sudden desperate straits of vulnerable populations. If food prices remain high, there is l"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1108.2455","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZmKEAdKlnnmEijMvAb58q1ORrN4wVEwOS3mgAIZ1ej7C1/qinedA61/EzoBMas0tA65uFZmfplyHYyzzIqpHDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T04:42:36.929915Z"},"content_sha256":"fd794a81262a99e369c1d74404106c760a3cd7d306a09ac4924cdee7e9e86c3f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fd794a81262a99e369c1d74404106c760a3cd7d306a09ac4924cdee7e9e86c3f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/O5TPTV6IGGNOJDEPQEHPDDJCR6/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/O5TPTV6IGGNOJDEPQEHPDDJCR6/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/O5TPTV6IGGNOJDEPQEHPDDJCR6/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-02T04:42:36Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/O5TPTV6IGGNOJDEPQEHPDDJCR6","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/O5TPTV6IGGNOJDEPQEHPDDJCR6/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/O5TPTV6IGGNOJDEPQEHPDDJCR6/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/O5TPTV6IGGNOJDEPQEHPDDJCR6/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2011:O5TPTV6IGGNOJDEPQEHPDDJCR6","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ecc1890bc57bde7eee6e362ca8a7edf1f552d34f8016ec211fcb6f397b98cb79","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2011-08-11T16:34:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"424898abd413adbcf5c1d336faf4a7f692707e91c4ef349f78033f4b084b3bbb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1108.2455","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1108.2455","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1108.2455v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1108.2455","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"O5TPTV6IGGNO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"O5TPTV6IGGNOJDEP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"O5TPTV6I","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fd794a81262a99e369c1d74404106c760a3cd7d306a09ac4924cdee7e9e86c3f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Social unrest may reflect a variety of factors such as poverty, unemployment, and social injustice. Despite the many possible contributing factors, the timing of violent protests in North Africa and the Middle East in 2011 as well as earlier riots in 2008 coincides with large peaks in global food prices. We identify a specific food price threshold above which protests become likely. These observations suggest that protests may reflect not only long-standing political failings of governments, but also the sudden desperate straits of vulnerable populations. If food prices remain high, there is l","authors_text":"Karla Z. Bertrand, Marco Lagi, Yaneer Bar-Yam","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2011-08-11T16:34:49Z","title":"The Food Crises and Political Instability in North Africa and the Middle East"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1108.2455","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:58190a2a97c8edfec823820a6e34081fa6d3d073f82b4442822aa93a39581895","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"ecc1890bc57bde7eee6e362ca8a7edf1f552d34f8016ec211fcb6f397b98cb79","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2011-08-11T16:34:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"424898abd413adbcf5c1d336faf4a7f692707e91c4ef349f78033f4b084b3bbb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1108.2455","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7766f9d7c8319ae48c8f810ef18d228f972f936538c1103da04964763eda5a67","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7766f9d7c8319ae48c8f810ef18d228f972f936538c1103da04964763eda5a67","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:37.668736Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:37.668736Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"HPZvoR6ac9zDAHgDcxJayA+sW+4dMKgYH+Ude5xhGiyfE0Ahspy0fnIVYbx3SFUW35N4jnDzVY7KVREBWnC9Dw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:15:37.669701Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1108.2455","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:58190a2a97c8edfec823820a6e34081fa6d3d073f82b4442822aa93a39581895","sha256:fd794a81262a99e369c1d74404106c760a3cd7d306a09ac4924cdee7e9e86c3f"],"state_sha256":"328c45ee2f89a4ca753c4831782cbd6093b75780e2f9f0d3ea11a1e9f88bcd66"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sCW33CLKWt1O5ZGU8aLD+arZXzgWmWDKHXCZCpIooUgbEVsEeTiI12D3Op+dKRdmnB24LvaGxfnxRT0WHYkqCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-02T04:42:36.932058Z","bundle_sha256":"b8a62085d5dadd8bbfd2aae15fbe9005514345f0c182eea4798a99598a119103"}}