{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:O64ZREPXMORYPHXNT43I3OES4G","short_pith_number":"pith:O64ZREPX","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2305.03761","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2023-05-05T18:00:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","hep-ph","physics.data-an"],"title_canon_sha256":"89f3b836972d85fe4ba95cb62c791eef5e35f3c0f879ff2dbf47d5cddbfefeae","abstract_canon_sha256":"d3e6dd599d5562d847634a802ac2498eb76c65546092692fe78dea77c263cf18"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"77b99891f763a3879eed9f368db892e1a125a089853770977cfbcfaab7be76f7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2305.03761","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2305.03761","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:46:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2305.03761v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:46:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2305.03761","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:46:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"O64ZREPXMORY","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:46:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"O64ZREPXMORYPHXN","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:46:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"O64ZREPX","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:46:41Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:O64ZREPXMORYPHXNT43I3OES4G","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2305.03761","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2023-05-05T18:00:09Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","hep-ph","physics.data-an"],"title_canon_sha256":"89f3b836972d85fe4ba95cb62c791eef5e35f3c0f879ff2dbf47d5cddbfefeae","abstract_canon_sha256":"d3e6dd599d5562d847634a802ac2498eb76c65546092692fe78dea77c263cf18"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"77b99891f763a3879eed9f368db892e1a125a089853770977cfbcfaab7be76f7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:46:41.624803Z","signature_b64":"0Suq1IMikEx1x3TET6WAiABEAz9InPAQ73/7nU3jHD9NO6JAikdk5Jya5+EfU4rZfTwnOqccgBurG1HKurT2BA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"77b99891f763a3879eed9f368db892e1a125a089853770977cfbcfaab7be76f7","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:46:41.624010Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:46:41.624010Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2305.03761","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:46:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Ulam8BaV5HsH0BhZ/2Hhggla+0Rd0jIG1x3lPw61+iZz7pfOGp3DGlaPp8juh1zaqkMdo2RZiqno371tCFkVAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-11T01:38:18.991771Z"},"content_sha256":"de2a166f69361141444627d5581234eb492c026ca25fa9d7732a9c266b59afb3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:de2a166f69361141444627d5581234eb492c026ca25fa9d7732a9c266b59afb3"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:O64ZREPXMORYPHXNT43I3OES4G","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Weakly-Supervised Anomaly Detection in the Milky Way","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG","hep-ph","physics.data-an"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Benjamin Nachman, David Shih, Jack H. Collins, Mariel Pettee, Matthew R. Buckley, Sowmya Thanvantri","submitted_at":"2023-05-05T18:00:09Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large-scale astrophysics datasets present an opportunity for new machine learning techniques to identify regions of interest that might otherwise be overlooked by traditional searches. To this end, we use Classification Without Labels (CWoLa), a weakly-supervised anomaly detection method, to identify cold stellar streams within the more than one billion Milky Way stars observed by the Gaia satellite. CWoLa operates without the use of labeled streams or knowledge of astrophysical principles. Instead, we train a classifier to distinguish between mixed samples for which the proportions of signal "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2305.03761","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2305.03761/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:46:41Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CN0IGhvTaXBsgrtIjZeVTyOQWIcNB1UHoBEr0kPWfnR0zZhmxVWxxpTuYneoVAbJ53zT+uIAh3odj7UqRlkDDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-11T01:38:18.992151Z"},"content_sha256":"ebc3bf54782516bd9f46feee48489567db12594ed36419a07d22f871c89339da","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ebc3bf54782516bd9f46feee48489567db12594ed36419a07d22f871c89339da"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/O64ZREPXMORYPHXNT43I3OES4G/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/O64ZREPXMORYPHXNT43I3OES4G/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/O64ZREPXMORYPHXNT43I3OES4G/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-11T01:38:18Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/O64ZREPXMORYPHXNT43I3OES4G","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/O64ZREPXMORYPHXNT43I3OES4G/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/O64ZREPXMORYPHXNT43I3OES4G/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/O64ZREPXMORYPHXNT43I3OES4G/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:O64ZREPXMORYPHXNT43I3OES4G","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d3e6dd599d5562d847634a802ac2498eb76c65546092692fe78dea77c263cf18","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","hep-ph","physics.data-an"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2023-05-05T18:00:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"89f3b836972d85fe4ba95cb62c791eef5e35f3c0f879ff2dbf47d5cddbfefeae"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2305.03761","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2305.03761","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:46:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2305.03761v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:46:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2305.03761","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:46:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"O64ZREPXMORY","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:46:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"O64ZREPXMORYPHXN","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:46:41Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"O64ZREPX","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:46:41Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ebc3bf54782516bd9f46feee48489567db12594ed36419a07d22f871c89339da","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:46:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2305.03761/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Large-scale astrophysics datasets present an opportunity for new machine learning techniques to identify regions of interest that might otherwise be overlooked by traditional searches. To this end, we use Classification Without Labels (CWoLa), a weakly-supervised anomaly detection method, to identify cold stellar streams within the more than one billion Milky Way stars observed by the Gaia satellite. CWoLa operates without the use of labeled streams or knowledge of astrophysical principles. Instead, we train a classifier to distinguish between mixed samples for which the proportions of signal ","authors_text":"Benjamin Nachman, David Shih, Jack H. Collins, Mariel Pettee, Matthew R. Buckley, Sowmya Thanvantri","cross_cats":["cs.LG","hep-ph","physics.data-an"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2023-05-05T18:00:09Z","title":"Weakly-Supervised Anomaly Detection in the Milky Way"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2305.03761","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:de2a166f69361141444627d5581234eb492c026ca25fa9d7732a9c266b59afb3","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:46:41Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d3e6dd599d5562d847634a802ac2498eb76c65546092692fe78dea77c263cf18","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG","hep-ph","physics.data-an"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2023-05-05T18:00:09Z","title_canon_sha256":"89f3b836972d85fe4ba95cb62c791eef5e35f3c0f879ff2dbf47d5cddbfefeae"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2305.03761","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"77b99891f763a3879eed9f368db892e1a125a089853770977cfbcfaab7be76f7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"77b99891f763a3879eed9f368db892e1a125a089853770977cfbcfaab7be76f7","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:46:41.624010Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:46:41.624010Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"0Suq1IMikEx1x3TET6WAiABEAz9InPAQ73/7nU3jHD9NO6JAikdk5Jya5+EfU4rZfTwnOqccgBurG1HKurT2BA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:46:41.624803Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2305.03761","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:de2a166f69361141444627d5581234eb492c026ca25fa9d7732a9c266b59afb3","sha256:ebc3bf54782516bd9f46feee48489567db12594ed36419a07d22f871c89339da"],"state_sha256":"e39d19b2d9fc569af87a0ebe3342239a7618e157c8c5403fe225ba5ef0c577cb"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ojGSKpvMYvqH5Qx/9iAhUSSfj2YvOOduosF0lYCtTauqD87X4b80b1ldo2/F4JGNjQxu38Qp7vQIqUqVykhLCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-11T01:38:18.994325Z","bundle_sha256":"a2ee251c0c5595615ece42eebc5fc4b5d93b95dd8ff13361a3c76c336f6d72d0"}}