{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:O76647GPAOMGMCNGCNXHA5SEIB","short_pith_number":"pith:O76647GP","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2003.13376","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2020-03-30T12:12:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"0023a101434fb9487d98b2de7399875853dd93db2166ac3dcd891a29ff7c1866","abstract_canon_sha256":"b9e99474f4891739b14d20838db480379478e204d71135f5aa00aeb69bd4539e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"77fdee7ccf03986609a6136e7076444041adae5b665ee93b93f13491aab3c62b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2003.13376","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2003.13376","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2003.13376v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2003.13376","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"O76647GPAOMG","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"O76647GPAOMGMCNG","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"O76647GP","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:58Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:O76647GPAOMGMCNGCNXHA5SEIB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2003.13376","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2020-03-30T12:12:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"0023a101434fb9487d98b2de7399875853dd93db2166ac3dcd891a29ff7c1866","abstract_canon_sha256":"b9e99474f4891739b14d20838db480379478e204d71135f5aa00aeb69bd4539e"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"77fdee7ccf03986609a6136e7076444041adae5b665ee93b93f13491aab3c62b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:58.695146Z","signature_b64":"N/lqkhqF1vDAlhIi4QEQcNy92gBIG3h7q+GmLs/akypeE23YP/a5a5/7KVWHfl5nlN2P8L2zNIP9XXjFs7oHDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"77fdee7ccf03986609a6136e7076444041adae5b665ee93b93f13491aab3c62b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:58.694710Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:58.694710Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2003.13376","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ofNZds3/YA5EKS/KkkgHUFO6ZTL/zxRPAoVEJAyFxXwodD3qPsHE4GCmM8KkNWQrKNMKR4UdSkG2e7K/aWSgDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T21:45:38.790845Z"},"content_sha256":"d20f9190398ecd45193abbc999098782f8439138456bbda5409a8ed26e9bb0f8","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d20f9190398ecd45193abbc999098782f8439138456bbda5409a8ed26e9bb0f8"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:O76647GPAOMGMCNGCNXHA5SEIB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"End-to-End Evaluation of Federated Learning and Split Learning for Internet of Things","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.DC","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CR","authors_text":"Chandra Thapa, Hyoungshick Kim, Kyuyeon Kim, Minki Kim, Seyit A. Camtepe, Sharif Abuadbba, Surya Nepal, Yansong Gao, Yeonjae Kim","submitted_at":"2020-03-30T12:12:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"This work is the first attempt to evaluate and compare felderated learning (FL) and split neural networks (SplitNN) in real-world IoT settings in terms of learning performance and device implementation overhead. We consider a variety of datasets, different model architectures, multiple clients, and various performance metrics. For learning performance, which is specified by the model accuracy and convergence speed metrics, we empirically evaluate both FL and SplitNN under different types of data distributions such as imbalanced and non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) data. We"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2003.13376","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2003.13376/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:58Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TdIhxrpiWM6u+AXumLWreEFlt1HzqV/sTJSKlvZ0dQcIs6qJTtkeN3BveF7pFYbcw30kVbYNKP6UN1uA57ZxBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T21:45:38.791347Z"},"content_sha256":"3113656841a05ee0fb13b3af620b7a70ccbb6f5b5a8e9df2bc4b9be984a26ba0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3113656841a05ee0fb13b3af620b7a70ccbb6f5b5a8e9df2bc4b9be984a26ba0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/O76647GPAOMGMCNGCNXHA5SEIB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/O76647GPAOMGMCNGCNXHA5SEIB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/O76647GPAOMGMCNGCNXHA5SEIB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T21:45:38Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/O76647GPAOMGMCNGCNXHA5SEIB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/O76647GPAOMGMCNGCNXHA5SEIB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/O76647GPAOMGMCNGCNXHA5SEIB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/O76647GPAOMGMCNGCNXHA5SEIB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:O76647GPAOMGMCNGCNXHA5SEIB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b9e99474f4891739b14d20838db480379478e204d71135f5aa00aeb69bd4539e","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2020-03-30T12:12:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"0023a101434fb9487d98b2de7399875853dd93db2166ac3dcd891a29ff7c1866"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2003.13376","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2003.13376","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2003.13376v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2003.13376","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"O76647GPAOMG","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"O76647GPAOMGMCNG","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:58Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"O76647GP","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:58Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3113656841a05ee0fb13b3af620b7a70ccbb6f5b5a8e9df2bc4b9be984a26ba0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2003.13376/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This work is the first attempt to evaluate and compare felderated learning (FL) and split neural networks (SplitNN) in real-world IoT settings in terms of learning performance and device implementation overhead. We consider a variety of datasets, different model architectures, multiple clients, and various performance metrics. For learning performance, which is specified by the model accuracy and convergence speed metrics, we empirically evaluate both FL and SplitNN under different types of data distributions such as imbalanced and non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) data. We","authors_text":"Chandra Thapa, Hyoungshick Kim, Kyuyeon Kim, Minki Kim, Seyit A. Camtepe, Sharif Abuadbba, Surya Nepal, Yansong Gao, Yeonjae Kim","cross_cats":["cs.DC","cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2020-03-30T12:12:51Z","title":"End-to-End Evaluation of Federated Learning and Split Learning for Internet of Things"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2003.13376","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:d20f9190398ecd45193abbc999098782f8439138456bbda5409a8ed26e9bb0f8","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:58Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b9e99474f4891739b14d20838db480379478e204d71135f5aa00aeb69bd4539e","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC","cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2020-03-30T12:12:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"0023a101434fb9487d98b2de7399875853dd93db2166ac3dcd891a29ff7c1866"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2003.13376","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"77fdee7ccf03986609a6136e7076444041adae5b665ee93b93f13491aab3c62b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"77fdee7ccf03986609a6136e7076444041adae5b665ee93b93f13491aab3c62b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:58.694710Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:58.694710Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"N/lqkhqF1vDAlhIi4QEQcNy92gBIG3h7q+GmLs/akypeE23YP/a5a5/7KVWHfl5nlN2P8L2zNIP9XXjFs7oHDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:23:58.695146Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2003.13376","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:d20f9190398ecd45193abbc999098782f8439138456bbda5409a8ed26e9bb0f8","sha256:3113656841a05ee0fb13b3af620b7a70ccbb6f5b5a8e9df2bc4b9be984a26ba0"],"state_sha256":"8c8e0f02b3c3cf58673b45bd425387ac1b99c6042d59003ab8922ae59c0bfc00"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KE5kxhduwO5V0dsVsVJMf07ITeIPc9wi8GVTPqcgvc1RrAT5NAFXvZQv/AipDqFcuKbunJgNAfOzjR+S3Uv9AA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T21:45:38.795779Z","bundle_sha256":"3f70b254288511f2619606369240eca6585f0fbff9342925dae27d51f4e70242"}}