{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:O7MZIRFGKQZF5NKSTQG4HFEZCO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9bb1686f3571098259835d84b9dd729d6ed9c5ae5fbed4bf5d2445fb4b02d951","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2020-11-26T20:59:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"f613e6507989d7c6d5400c183e78022ab4b74cc40b40b8b6ff8610b7ef03aa15"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2011.13471","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2011.13471","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2011.13471v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2011.13471","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"O7MZIRFGKQZF","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"O7MZIRFGKQZF5NKS","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"O7MZIRFG","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:54Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:94a0f56b9b6d8f8a3d7e938d766c70cf545e9ba2e0069d4ce64b24d55dc98545","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2011.13471/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Tor recently integrated a circuit padding framework for creating padding machines: defenses that work by defining state machines that inject dummy traffic to protect against traffic analysis attacks like Website Fingerprinting (WF) attacks. In this paper, we explore the design of effective and efficient padding machines to defend against WF attacks. Through the use of carefully crafted datasets, a circuit padding simulator, genetic programming, and manual tuning of padding machines we explore different aspects of what makes padding machines effective and efficient defenses. Our final machine, ","authors_text":"Tobias Pulls","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2020-11-26T20:59:57Z","title":"Towards Effective and Efficient Padding Machines for Tor"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2011.13471","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:6311da6791157c2d2aff105e30f2bd9b06ffcd26e1b31d04047d2fc20f7e1dcf","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9bb1686f3571098259835d84b9dd729d6ed9c5ae5fbed4bf5d2445fb4b02d951","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2020-11-26T20:59:57Z","title_canon_sha256":"f613e6507989d7c6d5400c183e78022ab4b74cc40b40b8b6ff8610b7ef03aa15"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2011.13471","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"77d99444a654325eb5529c0dc3949913a196a666dc60862956f6a884a2f008c7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"77d99444a654325eb5529c0dc3949913a196a666dc60862956f6a884a2f008c7","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:54.523489Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:54.523489Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rcSmIm6zbfDrq1czASlhGFM7DF/+kVe0XARXTxsx2G0Ipu7Mnlq5Yz7i3VaGYqUSqE3DwETSfB5zRr6NgeOjCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:54:54.523943Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2011.13471","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:6311da6791157c2d2aff105e30f2bd9b06ffcd26e1b31d04047d2fc20f7e1dcf","sha256:94a0f56b9b6d8f8a3d7e938d766c70cf545e9ba2e0069d4ce64b24d55dc98545"],"state_sha256":"fa108432c2e1f8707cc8837c2e30c90548d085a2b90b3790578ed5c05d6be9fc"}